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Tuesday, February 27, 2001 - 05:12 pm THE SOMALI The Somali people consist of two major divisions: the Somali proper (Samaale) made up of the Dir, Isaaq (Esa), Hawiye (Hawiya), and Daarood (Darod); and the outcast Sab groups consisting of the Digil and Rahanwin, who are markedly different in their occupations and dialects from the rest of the population. The Somali are predominantly nomadic pastoralists living in the northern part of the Somali Democratic Republic in northeastern Africa. They occupy an area of about 246,000 square miles running approximately from lat. 2 degrees S to 12 degrees N, and from long. 41 degrees 30 min.-52 degrees E. This region is composed of the former protectorate of British Somaliland and the former U.N. trusteeship of Somalia. It is bordered by the Gulf of Aden, the Indian Ocean, Kenya, Ethiopia, and the new (1977) Republic of Djibouti. Neighboring peoples are the Afar to the north and northwest, and various Galla groups to the west and south. THE SOMALI LANGUAGE The Somali language is classified as belonging to the Eastern subdivision of the Cushitic branch of the Afro-Asiatic phylum of languages (previously called Semito-Hamitic). Somali is spoken by all but a few small minorities living in the region. The various Somali dialects seem to cluster into four main groups on a roughly regional basis: the Dir dialect in the northwest (spoken by the Dir, Isaaq, Daarood, and Gadabursi-Esa); Hawiye or Mudugh in the northeast inland regions and as far south as the Scebeli River; Benadir along the Benadir coast, the port towns, and the surrounding areas; and Rahanwin, spoken by the Sab cultivators and mixed farmers around the Scebeli and southward. Because Somali has no official written form, government records are kept in both English and Italian, the languages of the colonial powers that formerly controlled the northern and southern portions of the country respectively. These two languages are considered the languages of the educated, along with Arabic, which is used for religious teaching. THE SOMALI ECONOMY The Somali economy is based primarily on animal husbandry, with the camel being the mainstay of the nomadic subsistence pattern. The camel provides both milk and meat for the herdsman and skins for export. It also serves as a beast of burden, although rarely ridden. In the southerly regions cattle are raised, especially among the Hawiye, Rahanwin and Digil, replacing in large part the role of the camel among the northern groups. Fat-tailed sheep and goats are second to camels and cattle in the internal economy, and these provide milk, ghee, and meat. Donkeys and mules are kept also as beasts of burden, while horses have rapidly become a source of prestige in the society and are used almost exclusively for riding. Second to animal husbandry in economic importance is agriculture, especially among the southern Sab (Rahanwin and Digil) and, to some extent among the Hawiye. Durra sorghum is the principal crop in both north and south, with large quantities of maize grown in the south. Additional southern crops are sesame, groundnuts, beans, and cassava. Fruit production has also increased in recent years with bananas becoming the principal commercial crop for export. Sugarcane also is grown to some extent. Fishing is important along the coast, but fish are eaten only by the despised coast dwellers, being scorned by the nomadic Somali. Hunting is also restricted to the Sab people or to slaves, and is looked down upon by the "noble Somali." Game includes the dik-dik, antelope, giraffe, zebra, gazelle, hippopotamus, elephant, lion, and panther. Bows and arrows, clubs, spears, and traps and snares are employed in hunting, as well as the net in communal game drives. Internal trade, which is carried out by barter, involves the exchange of livestock, produce, gum, ivory, skins, etc., for the grain and cloth of the sedentary cultivators. Caravans laden with goods continually traverse the country bringing produce from the interior to the coast where it is traded for imports from Aden and India. Some of the principal goods exported include animal skins, coffee (green), marine salt, gum, ghee, livestock, animal wax and musk, and small quantities of guano and mother of pearl. THE SOMALI GENEOLOGY STRUCTURE The social structure of the Somali is arranged in tiers of kinship, tracing connections in an elaborate genealogy to two brothers, Somali and Sab, the ancestors of the divisions of the same name. The Somali of both groups are split into six dominant "clan-families" or maximal lineages--four Somali and two Sab. The clan-families are divided into clans (synonymous in much of the literature with tribes), and these are further segmented into lineages and sublineages. Each of the above kinship units is based, at least in principle, on patrilineal descent from a common male ancestor. In many cases, especially among the Sab, individuals and even groups are adopted by a clan or lineage, eventually achieving complete assimilation. Kinship as the basis for group formation and loyality to that group is modified but not completely overridden by the principle of contract. Merely being a member of a specific clan or lineage does not automatically confer certain rights and obligations, for these have to be obtained as the direct result of treaties or contracts between the groups or individuals involved. As the result of such contractual relationships, some, but not necessarily all, clans of a clan-family may unite for political or military purposes, while some of the lineages or lineage segments within a clan may join together for corporate financial responsibility THE SOMALI POLITICS. Traditionally, political life centered on the kin-based groups that dominate Somali life. In the smallest structural unit, the rer (a lineage of limited size and genealogical depth), the council which regulated and controlled the affairs of the unit was composed of the heads of the component families of the rer. This council (shir) was the decision-making body for the politically-important dia-paying group (a group bound by contractual agreement to pay or receive bloodwealth for or in behalf of its members). The elders, sitting in council with their elected head (the gob), controlled the relationship of their own group with other sections and regulated their own internal affairs. In line with the segmentary nature of the society there were councils with essentially similar functions at each level of kin group organization. It seems clear, however, that the higher one went in the hierarchy of political units, the more binding and influential became the decisions of the councils (Lewis 1955: 97). Except for an occasional sultanate, true states did not exist among the Somali This is a collection of articles i have gathered and thought it could be of interest.Needless to add,i wish to make it clear that i do not own the authenticity of the articles,its not my work.Ok......loooool Thank you! Avec Bon apetite a` les tout! Aurevoir! Sincere Basra --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Tuesday, February 27, 2001 - 07:27 pm basra, why do i think you are: hawyee,dark,and fat what was your point ?????????????????????????????
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Wednesday, February 28, 2001 - 03:25 am yeah we all have this years World Book, lol Basra what do you mean by this?
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Wednesday, February 28, 2001 - 05:49 am Well Done Basra. Please try to educated our Goat Herder Cousins who recently got access to AOL about Somalia. A mind is a terrible thing to waste. Idi Amin.
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Wednesday, February 28, 2001 - 06:51 am Ok Ok . So what is your point Basra?. To whom you are telling this ? some americans?. Besides this is outdated info and damn wrong. " The Somali people consist of two major divisions: the Somali proper (Samaale) made up of the Dir, Isaaq (Esa), Hawiye (Hawiya), and Daarood (Darod);". Damn wrong! daarood never been samaale. "and the outcast Sab groups consisting of the Digil and Rahanwin" LO and BEHOLD!! so Digil and Rahamwein are outcast? huh? since when? what a biased and bullshit info!!. in fact most of rahanwain are from daarood and isaaq originally. That what happens when you depend on others for everything even your history. Amadeou--the historian
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Wednesday, February 28, 2001 - 07:02 am Basra: lol...sis u never sieze to amuse me....walaahi u r something else.... I was gathering my thoughts now......when I logged on...to write u the recipe of a lifetime....in ur cooking...page... now this...lol.....Good job sis...very useful!!....lol... we all... know ..u can't know this much of Somali society!! Anyways.. Anyone who is interested in knowing Somalis for who they r....there is this very informatve book.....called... " BLOOD AND BONE"....its by Ioan M.Lewis.... very interesting....very valuable... book... U can't imagine how I have finally come to understand where all this.....Somalism...generates....IF I was u.... I would read that book!!....AS they say...to understand...ur present.......know ur past!!!
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Wednesday, February 28, 2001 - 07:37 am Hibolol Isn't this Cool? loool People i am not stating this account of history to be correct,only giving room for discussion.loool I dont have some grade point to present.loool
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Wednesday, February 28, 2001 - 08:04 am wow...basra i never thought that yu were ever interested in such things....i guess i was wrong..lol just little corrections...Digil and Rahanweyms are not outkast....it is just that the nomadic somalis envy their lifestyles...and since the nomads dominate the land...the culture of degradation towards the more agriclutural rahanweyns was encouraged. and Daroods are not believed to be Somalis...and i could be wrong though. peace
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Wednesday, February 28, 2001 - 08:04 am Hibolool Basralool lool. I mean lool this is lool too lool much lool. But it's really lool cool. lool. You know, loool. Looks like I've come to the lool & love fest forums. But hey, I suppose I can understand your excitement; afterall,Somali history has a way of giving one the giggles, jiggles and all that good stuff. Amadeou, I wholeheartedly agree with you-I think she did a copy-paste job too. adios amigos
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Wednesday, February 28, 2001 - 08:48 am basra you copied all these from book written by j.lewis yesterday i visited first time african education center in convent garden london i was there 1 hour and i have seen many interseting books. so guys if u happen to be in london go there is just 2 minutes walk from convent garden you will enjoy. basra merci de nous rappele et j'espere que tu aura bon chance
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Wednesday, February 28, 2001 - 09:31 am Salama... Basra, without any...I do have a few, yet major errors from that copy-paste paper: __________________________ First, whatever LoL of LoL you call yourselves to be, that history book of Encyclo. is as disturbing as a fabtricated history of our modern life. It is totally unreliable. It stated this: "The Somali people consist of two major divisions: the Somali proper (Samaale) made up of the Dir, Isaaq (Esa), Hawiye (Hawiya), and Daarood (Darod); and the outcast Sab groups consisting of the Digil and Rahanwin, who are markedly different in their occupations and dialects from the rest of the population." So, Samaale is a proper Soomaali. Thus, Raxweyn iyo Digil & Mirifle is improper Soomaali {oops, improper Samaale as you stated only Samaale exist}. Is that what it {and you as a copy-paster} meant? So, Raxweyn and Digif & Mirifle are no longer Soomaali {oops, again, Samaale}. Raxweyn people do have a distinct dialects. But, did you know that what Raxweyn {proper word is Rowiin in Maay-Maay} itself means? It means Rax-Weyn. Waa kastey ma'ahoo. Rax-Weyn oo ah micnaheeda dad badan oo isku imaadey oo la baxey magacaas oo sidaas daradeed ah. Haduu abahaa mise hooyadaa imaatey meel afka Maay-Maay loogu hadlo oo aana ku dhalatey oo ciyaalkaana kusii dhasheen oo dhaqankooda aa qaadadid; you will eventually be one of the sub-clans that inhabit there. Their elders {Malaaqs} will give you that tribe of a part of Raxweyn. So, Raxweyn is no outsider--as brother Axmad {Amadeou} already cleared this distorted history of what outside experts of this field told us and amazingly how quick we judge to beleive--because it consisted from any clan or tribe from various parts of Soomaaliya. Of course, there was an original Raxweyn, but as it expanded more and more tribes joined as a family to entitle that clan. And no wonder, when you see 'Galadi or Bagadi' people, they are, in fact, Carab-originated people, but soon they became a branch of Raxweyn, as it is now called Digil iyo Mirif. There is a 'Gare' Raxweyn. They do have their own dialect. And it is not a Maay-Maay. There is a Barawaani Raxweyn, again, they do have their own distinct version of language to speak. And they are a part of Digil andd Mirifle. There is Gaaljecel {Gaal means in Maay-Maay language Geel, so to speak it is Geel-Jecel} Raxweyn. Majeerteen Raxweyn. Abgaal {again, there is this Gaal, it is Geel, remember, so it stands, perhaps, Ab-Geel oo ah Aabihii Geelka, sidaas aa u maleyaa what 'Ab' stands for} Raxweyn. Ogadeen Raxweyn. Shikhaal Raxweyn. Even Isaaq Raxweyn. Some no longer even rememeber they were originally belonged to another Qabiil before their ancestors became a part of Raxweyn clan. Because, it took generations and generations. I do know what I am talking about because I had seen those facts my bare eyes, as it is called in history books 'first witness,' not from an outsider who tells me my history in a mere book. Marka haku boodin Raxweyn iney tahey ama loo maleeyo 'improper.' Even, the theory of Sab {as you omitted} and Samaale is no longer accepted as a fact piece of Soomaali {oops, Samaale as your copy-pasted paper stated to be called} history. ____________________ Nabadeey!!
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Wednesday, February 28, 2001 - 09:55 am Amedou is correct........Raxanweyn majority waa daarood or Isaq.Mana aha Sab.
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Wednesday, February 28, 2001 - 09:58 am Basra....sistah when u copy and paste thingz....i understand that u believe it......if not stated other wise ..right.... Well RahanWeyn and the other qabil u mentioned bein' outcasts is the most meanful thing i've ever read under ur name..........how could anyone say a qabil is an outsider........since we all call Somalia home......since we all speak somali but in diff. dialects.....i assume we r all somalis....no upper no lower........!! lol@Mo-Man..........what a lool...... Miskiin....Macruf........i'de honestly luv it if i knew u in real life.........u just know so much....masha allah..... I just think somali history is confusin'....i dont know where to go and find some REAL information about somaliis......everyone seems to understand somethin' diff....... adios
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Wednesday, February 28, 2001 - 10:13 am uMmm!... I forget the question I was going to ask!!!!!!! .
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Wednesday, February 28, 2001 - 06:03 pm Miskiin lool. man you're very convincing I think you are better than the kufaar she coped from. I grew up in Baay and I know roowin are very nice people and farmers. so if that makes them outcasts then what the nomads will be. maybe gipsies and we don't wanna be gipsies sorry. The girl didn't want to inssult anybody but she wanted to be smart..oops she pissed on everybody with her copy and paste. Daarod are Samaale we were never samaale and never will be..get your facts straitht.
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Thursday, March 01, 2001 - 06:59 pm Ok maybe my last mesage after the 'copied and pasted' article was not clear or was too hard english for some of you. How stupid and ignorant can you get?This is unbelievable.Somalis are beyond the hope of redemption.I am stunned! I said ...... Quote: "This is a collection of articles i have gathered and thought it could be of interest.Needless to add,i wish to make it clear that i do not own the authenticity of the articles,its not my work.Ok......loooool Thank you" Can someone raise their hand and tell me what part of the sentence is confusing?loool This work is obviously copied and pasted as i said above........Oh maybe if i used the word copied and pasted in the sentence..that would have triggered a memory lapse for some of you.Ok.........I copied and pasted this article.It is not my work.OK....neeedless to add. Thank you!
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Friday, March 02, 2001 - 02:16 pm God Dam Girl I read the work of HIBO, Honesita and the rest of the girls in this forums but your attitude and your so called creativity seems to be lowest in the scale of things. Given the work was copied and pasted, which is what most of your critic acknowledge the information was wrong. Since you went to all the trouble of copying these articles , and we can't define your point or your intention. It is quiet likely you believe in those works. Now,... that is not wrong and is credit to you. What really disgraces your intelligence, ethics and mannerism, is your response to your critic. They offer good points but you a come alone with sarcastic and childish response. Try growing a little and please stick to your FAT BURNING DIETARY COOKING LESSONS, Somali history, politics even civilized discussion is beyond your grasp. With love.
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Friday, March 02, 2001 - 06:39 pm Sirrus I take my hate of to you man.................. As I was reading this posting, I only could get one impression from this shamefull copy and paste, she was trying to put down one group and alienating them espicifically, that was her intention period.... basra, you are the warlord of the net, and let me tell you this, we're tired of this . so come with better story next time around. FYI the tribe you tried to put down are the most noble among the many tirebes that exist in somalia today, I am not tribalist but having lived in that area where they live, I am very proud to say I had shared teh best moments ever amongst them before I left somalia.
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Saturday, March 03, 2001 - 06:26 am lol Sirrus What makes you sooooooo angry you just had to yap and yap and yap? looool How would i disgrace my mannerism,ethics,and intelligence by voicing my opinions against the practice of stupidity.Obviously you had no problem with the articles,your critism is directed personally to me.Which i call stupidity because the article here is not about me.You should focus on the discussion given.Anything less than that is a disgrace itself.And yes politics is beyond my grasp,i find it utterly boring. And last but not least...my pooint of posting the article was merely to discuss it.Simple!DOnt go beyond the simplicity of that. OKKKKkkk? Thank You!
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Saturday, March 03, 2001 - 09:04 am Look Basra, you posted, they read, they voiced their opinion. Your response: Let me repeat. "They offer good points but you a come alone with sarcastic and childish response. Try growing a little and please stick to your FAT BURNING DIETARY COOKING LESSONS, Somali history, politics even civilized discussion is beyond your grasp." So critising you is "stupid", my my my. Wat we gonna do now Brain?
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Saturday, March 03, 2001 - 09:20 am Salama... Now, the paste-and-copy, in fact, had been acknowledged how unreliable it is by its paster. And 'we' assume to take the sister finally, at least, tried to act her best. Good job for that, for at least trying it. Basra, I do know it wasn't your intention to say that, but always try not to paste something you don't know it to yourself. Judge it, in the first place, if you knew it as an authentic or otherwise omit it at all. Because, what you are not so sure is very grave to believe and persuade others to believe that way without having a first place information to yourself to persuade. Honest-Sister: So, do I? You're one of the 'respected' sisters among this forums. And we 'appreciate' your honestness. __________________ Nabadeey!!
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Saturday, March 03, 2001 - 01:28 pm Moman: Do u have problem with our lolling bro?...coz..if u r.... WHO CARES!! Ciid Wanaagsan...Noo wada ciida....
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Saturday, March 03, 2001 - 02:08 pm Bastra you should be a little more lady like unless you are a shemale!
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Sunday, March 04, 2001 - 02:29 am Mo-man! BRAVO!!! Hehehe! Or should I say looool?? You find some real BIMBO chicks out here, huh?....
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Sunday, March 04, 2001 - 12:22 pm looooooooool How cute! To the anonymous: You dont seem to leave me alone dont you.lol First i was Fat and ugly,then i became a Lesbian,then magically i lost the knowledge of how to act more of a ladylike,Then....loool I am a shemale.loooooooool God how can i afford to be named in all that categories?You really really really really have a problem with your sexuality aboowe Macaane.What is Next i am an Alien? You remind me of a Geek i know looooool To the other anonymous,do you even know what a Bimbo is?Get a life and a book called Definitions for dummies. Thank you!
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Sunday, March 04, 2001 - 12:28 pm basra, why do i think you are HOE...or a hoe wannabe
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Sunday, March 04, 2001 - 12:42 pm looool Ok people how stupid can this statement sound.God i haven't even finished loggin out and some basher comes up with a stupid line loooool Look at this stupid statement and imagine the brain of the writer? "why do i think you are HOE...or a hoe wannabe " So to him Hoe is a good thing.Why? Because he says i am or a wanna be? So basically the word Hoe means something positive in you. How stupid is that? looool
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Sunday, March 04, 2001 - 12:52 pm Basra; BIMBO in this occasion = Brainless Black Bimbo Basra.... Or I could say; Black-Ignorant-Mutant-Bimbo-Outcast = BIMBO. Or do you prefer; Black-Ass-Sucking-Real-African = BASRA? Don't dedicate all the brainless stuff to blondes dear.... At least make sure YOU get the book called Definitions for dummies..... loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooool!
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Sunday, March 04, 2001 - 05:14 pm basra, All of us asked you what was your point. Then, you came up with some stupid excuses saying "i didn't write the article". And Sirrus caught you red handed and asked you "what was your intentions of posting such thing?", you answered " just to open discussion". Now my question to you is: Why you pick us up to discuss a topic such that biased which puts down Digil and Raxanweyn and caled them as outcast?. Besides, why you didn't say something about this down right prejudice against this nobel and peaceful society unless you believed this crap that this gaal wrote down?. The sooner you realize the stupidiy you posted the better, i guess. Amadeou
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Sunday, March 04, 2001 - 06:01 pm Amadeo, well said bro! It's very impressionable how one can be so biased and arrogantly so ignorant as to seek civilized discussion when in the first place she puts forth the worst piece of historical distortion ever done on Somalis. And much worse, the equivocal outbursts she retorted as you all erred on her behalf. As is obviously stated others before me, if you tried an honest discussion you would have copied and pasted the article and would have given your fair opinion and judgement, then all these arguments wouldn't have been necessary, and certain outbursts uncalled for. That didn't happen, which indicates if anything, your individual self bias and ignorance!
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Sunday, March 04, 2001 - 06:09 pm Amadeou And the rest of you who think I picked on Basra for her posting, pardon moi, mon entension is not to critic her for that wrong posting. My question wasn't why she posted, or how she posted, my question is pure and simple, "Why does she have to answer in such a childish way to a good questions". I Read Basra's other works on the net, other than her complaining of MASS COOKING FOR 20000 PEOPLE, and the occasional UGLY SUITOR OF A HUSBAND, HER PARENTS BRING TO HER, works are amazing and examplary, but when faced with good questions, such as here, she drops to her stupid personality and answers questions like this: "Ok maybe my last mesage after the 'copied and pasted' article was not clear or was too hard english for some of you." Basra. OR "Can someone raise their hand and tell me what part of the sentence is confusing?loool" Basra. OR ".......Oh maybe if i used the word copied and pasted in the sentence..that would have triggered a memory lapse for some of you.Ok........" Basra. Girlfriend please, no one should stomach such filth. Peace and Eid Wanaagsan
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Sunday, March 04, 2001 - 06:11 pm I DIDN"T WANT TO START A WITCH HUNT BUT THATS WHAT IT TURNED TO.....
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Sunday, March 04, 2001 - 09:09 pm @Basra Gurl you being feverish selfish little clod of ailments. And also instead of complaining that the world will not devote itself to making you happy..
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Monday, March 05, 2001 - 09:38 am iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiirrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrriiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiirrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrr SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE
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Monday, March 05, 2001 - 12:13 pm Basra, Now we know who destroys every discussion that you don't agree with!
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Monday, March 05, 2001 - 01:15 pm basra ARE YOU A WITCH OR A BITCH????????????
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Monday, March 05, 2001 - 02:29 pm rx she is your momma!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! bitch
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Monday, March 05, 2001 - 02:42 pm LAYLA, HAPPY EID BITCH, WHERE HAVE YOU BEEN???????DON'T TELL ME THAT YOUR PIMP MAKE YOU WORK DURING(HAJJ)TIMES... WHAT A SAD WHORE???DON'T YOU HAVE BENEFITS SUCH AS PAID EID HOLIDAY...BUT I GUESS NOT ANY WAY, WELCOME BACK BITCH , I THOUGHT YOU DIED FROM AIDS. BUT I GUESS YOU STILL AROUND(NOT FOR TOO LONG) ANYWAY, IT'S EID SO I'LL BE NICE TO YOU TODAY ONLY.......DON'T GET USE TO THIS MY GENEROSITY COMES TWICE A YEAR...AND TODAY IS ONE OF THEM....SEE YOU TOMORROW....
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