For a while now, people thought that the Omotic people (who speak an Afro-Asiatic language) looked different than the neighboring Cushtic speakers (like the Somali) because they were partially mixed with Nilo-Saharan DNA from Southern Sudan. Well guess what, new studies into the DNA of the Omotic peoples (along with other Ethiopians) shows they are actually the purest East Africans genetically. They're Y-Chromosome and Mitochondrial DNA is the most exclusively East African with the LEAST genetic influence from the Nilotes or Bantu speakers.
http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1331901/3/13 ... T-VIVA.pdf
Extensive DNA study was done in Ethiopia on Nilo-Saharan, Cushitic, Omotic & Semitic speakers. Here are the results.
The blue is the East African Y-Chromosome marker. As you can see the Omotic and Cushtic have it in similar proportions. The crazy thing is that Cushtic speakers have more of the yellow A3b2 Haplogroup (which is found most highly in Nilotic Speakers) than the Omotic speakers. A reverse of what was expected.
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Page 180NRY haplogroup E*(xE1b1a) was the highest frequency clade observed in Ethiopia, and was present at high frequencies in all groups surveyed. The high frequency of this haplogroup is, in part, a consequence of its low level of resolution, and it is likely that there would be substantial differences in frequencies of sub-clades as indicated by the large MSV for this clade (0.605 using 15 STRs). This is demonstrated by the genotyping of additional haplogroup markers. The majority of haplotypes belonged to the E1 clade in the Afar, Amhara, Maale and Oromo, whereas in the Anuak the majority of E*(xE1b1a) were found to belong to the E2 clade. Additionally, 3% of Amhara samples were observed to belong to neither the E1 nor the E2 clade, and at the present time there are no known markers that further resolve this phylogenetic position (International Society of Genetic Genealogy 2010) (Further genotyping of additional NRY haplogroup markers is currently being performed on the Ethiopian Ascertainment samples in a nested fashion to further resolve the phylogenetic position of the NRY clades in Ethiopia, and I have in this thesis, only presented the currently available data from the first round of NRY haplogroup genotyping). Notably though, the E clades present in Ethiopians are substantially different from those observed in most parts of Sub-Saharan Africa, where E1b1a clades are predominant (Jobling and Tyler-Smith 2003; Semino et al. 2004; Wood et al. 2005; Rosa et al. 2007; Sims et al. 2007; Veeramah et al. 2010).
Page 179NRY haplogroup J was the second highest frequency haplogroup observed in Ethiopia, although unlike A3b2 and E*(E1b1a), it was not observed in every ethnic group. J clade haplogroups are frequent across North Africa, Western Asia, Europe, and the Indian sub-continent (Karafet et al. 2008 and references therein), with the sub-clade J1 more frequently observed across North Africa, the Arabian peninsular and Ethiopia, and J2 more frequently observed across Asia and Europe (Semino et al. 2004). J samples were at highest frequency (52.0%) in the Omotic speaking Shekecho ethnic group, located in the north-west SNNP region, but were also observed in other linguistically diverse and widespread groups, including the Omotic speaking Kefa and Yem (38.3% and 31.5% respectively), the Cushitic speaking Afar and Agew (25.9% and 22.3% respectively), and the Semitic speaking Amhara and Gurage (25.8% and 21.1% respectively). Notably, J clades were either not observed (Majenger) or only observed at low frequencies (1.9% in Anuak, 0.8% in Nuer) in Nilo-Saharan datasets, which is consistent with the Hassan et al. (2008) study, where haplogroup J was rarely observed in Nilo-Saharan speaking Sudanese groups. In the study by Semino et al. (2004), investigating the distribution of clades E and J, the authors interpret the distribution and internal STR variance of the J1 clade as indicative of this haplogroup spreading to Ethiopia, probably from the Western Asia, during the Neolithic period. Also, in a study by Tofanelli et al. (2009) to investigate the variation and date of the dispersal of J1, the authors ruled out the possibility that the contemporary distribution of J1 clade is due to the spread of Arab populations and Islam since the middle-ages, but concluded that it was a consequence of far more ancient events, possibly due to the movements of hunter-gatherers in response to the climactic change at the end of the Pleistocene, and mainly occurred during the mid-Holocene. Both of these scenarios would be consistent with the high level of MSV observed for J1 samples in Ethiopia, and consequently its estimated age, based on STR variation of (4,492 years using YHRD point estimate, 17,565 years point estimate using the mutation rate of Zhivotovsky et al. (2004), based on variance in 14 STRs).
NRY haplogroup A3b2 was observed at various frequencies in all of the 45 ethnic groups surveyed. A3b2 is part of the A clade, one of the deepest rooted clades in the Y chromosome phylogeny (Karafet et al. 2008). A3b2 was observed at high frequencies in the Sudanese groups in the Hassan, et al. (2008) study, with frequencies ranging up to 62% in the Dinka ethnic group. It was also observed at 33% frequency in the Nuer (consistent with the 39% frequency reported in this thesis). The highest frequency of A3b2 was 53.3%, observed in the Gedeo, a Cushitic speaking group located in the western part of the SNNP region, although other linguistically, culturally and otherwise genetically very diverse peoples also exhibited high frequencies of this haplogroup, including the Cushitc Agew (23%) of the northern highlands, the Semitic speaking Amhara and Gurage (17.2% and 22.4% respectively), the Nilo-Saharan speaking Anuak (19.4%), and the Omotic speaking Kefa and Shekecho (15.0% and 15.2% respectively). Given the widespread distribution of haplogroup A3b2 amongst the peoples of Ethiopia, this may be an indication that this haplogroup has been present at high frequencies in this region for a substantial period of time, rather than its distribution being the result of more recent introgression.
AF = Afar (Cushtic)
AM = Amharic (Semetic)
AN = Anuak (Nilo-Saharan)
ML = Maale (Omotic)
OR = Oromo (Cushtic)
L3 is considered the purest east african MtDNA haplogroup and the Omotic speakers have it in higher frequency than either the Cushtic or Semitic speakers. This is really surprising because people thought they would be more like the Nilotes who are primarily L0-L2. They also have the lowest frequency among Afro-Asiatic speakers of M and N, which are the MtDNA haplogroups that are associated with Western Asia. While the Cushtic and Semitic speakers are as much as 40-50% non-African in their MtDNA, the Omotic are only about 20% non-African.
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Notably, most of the major branches of the mtDNA phylogeny (L0-L3, M and N (van Oven and Kayser 2009)) were observed in Ethiopia at substantial frequencies. Haplogroups of the L series are mainly restricted to Africa, whereas the clades M and N (which are haplogroups within the L3 clade) are generally found outside sub-Saharan Africa, and are thought to only occur inside Africa due to back migration from Eurasia (Salas et al. 2002; Olivieri et al. 2006; Behar et al. 2008). Ethiopia however has previously been shown to have substantial frequencies of haplotypes of the M and N clades (Kivisild et al. 2004; Poloni et al. 2009), and the results in this thesis are consistent with previous studies. Of the M clade, only the M1 sub-clade was observed in the five Ethiopian Ascertainment groups, with highest frequency in the Amhara (17%) and lowest in the Anuak (3%). The N clade was not observed in the Anuak, but was observed in all other groups, with the highest frequency in the Amhara (34%). Of the N clades present in the other ethnic groups, interestingly, haplogroup R0* was observed at 11% in the Amhara and 4% in the Oromo, but not observed in the Afar or Maale. The varied distribution of R0* (previously known as preHV (van Oven and Kayser 2009), which is observed at relatively high frequencies across West and Central Asia (Quintana-Murci et al. 2004)), as well as other haplogroups of the N clade, may be evidence of a more recent introgression of N haplogroups into Ethiopia (Kivisild et al. 2004). In comparison to the N clade, the distribution of the more widespread M1 haplogroup in Ethiopia (the only representative of the M clade, and present in all ethnic groups), may well be evidence of more ancient introgression from Eurasia (Gonzalez et al. 2007), which is consistent with the coalescent times estimated by Kivisild et al. (2004) for M1 (41.2 ± 17 KYA) and the (preHV)1 (14.4 ± 5.3 KYA) clades present in Ethiopians. The frequency of the mtDNA haplogroups with Eurasian origin (M and N) in ethnic groups may be associated with their proximity to West Asia and the Red Sea. The more geographically remote ethnic groups, namely the Maale and Anuak, had the lowest frequencies of M and N haplogroups compared to the more north western groups. This pattern is consistent with the Poloni et al. (2009) study analysing samples from the Nyangatom and Dasanach, peoples who are predominantly found in the remote southern lowland SNNP region, near the Kenyan border. The authors observed that the combined frequency of both clades was under 5% in each group, with the N clade not observed at all in the Dasanach. Furthermore, when these two ethnic groups were analysed alongside Tanzanian ethnic groups from the Tishkoff, et al. (2007) study, and Ethiopians from the Kivisild, et al. (2004) study, a comparison of the mtDNA genetic distances revealed that the two southern Ethiopian groups demonstrated far greater similarity with the Tanzanian groups, than they did with the northern Ethiopians. The data presented in this thesis are consistent with a general pattern of greater introgression of haplogroups of Eurasian origin into the highland ethnic groups, and also demonstrates that considerable mtDNA genetic structure exists across Ethiopia alongside the substantial heterogeneity in the pattern of NRY haplogroups.
So taking all this data in, this is my theory on the origins of the Somali people. About 20-30,000 years ago, the ancestors of the Somali people as well as all Afro-Asiatic speakers lived exclusively in the Southern Ethiopia/Northern Kenya region. Then some of those early East Africans migrated north toward Egypt about 12,000 years ago when the Sahara became green and lush. We know this happened because of the cave painting all across the Sahara showing lush green savanna and animals like lions, giraffes, and crocodiles. The people who drew the paintings were our ancestors. They settled in Egypt and created the civilizations that existed along the Nile Valley. Eventually, they started mixing with Eurasians from the Levant and Southwest Asia. This is where we get the non-African components of our Y-Chromosome and MtDNA. We got alot more non-African MtDNA than Y-Chromosome cause our ancestors were real men and only took the women of the Eurasians and didn't allow them to have our women. Its why you don't see alot of non-African Y-Chromosome DNA in our genetics but you do get alot of non-African MtDNA (M1 and N).
After the Sahara began to dry up once again about 5,500 years ago, our ancestors started to migrate back south where there was lush savanah for the livestock they acquired with the advent of pastoralism. Along the way they mixed with some of the Nilotic tribe in Sudan (hence the haplogroup A3b2 found in us and the partially Cushtic Nilotic tribes like the Maasai and Samburu of Kenya). Finally we settled along the Horn of Africa and began to separate from the Oromo, Afar, and other Cushites. The Amhara and Ethiopian Semites got their extra Eurasian ancestry from the Sabeans who crossed the Red Sea and settled among them bringing the Semitic languages to the Horn and a whole bunch of additional Eurasian DNA.
And there you have it guys. The story of our origins. We are the product of our African male ancestors taking advantage of white women from Eurasia. A complete reversal of the myth perpetuated by white supremacists of white Hamites coming down into Africa from Eurasia, mixing with native East African women and eventually giving us civilization.
Damn it! I wish I was Habeshi now. Me like 50/50 odds. No wonder they are light skin, have more pronounced long nose and refined hair. 
No wonder you rejected me
Dont make me go all Drake on you
