Agree with most of your point which is why I am investing in my tribal homeland. First order of business for the last 30 years is keeping the Fundie Ikhwans out which has been successful. Next one is combating illiteracy which is working. Folks are coming around the notion that education is the way and so are the Suufi clerics. As long as we keep Ikhwan dogs and their puppies out, progress will be made.
To your address your other points
1. Tribal identity is deeply engrained in the Somali psyche and is much more important than national identity.
AW's response - That may be true but only a certain faction has successfully been enlightened to think beyond qabiil: the Ikhwani dogs and their puppies. The 5th column are in agreement and lurk in tribal bantustans waiting for the order. The Ikhwani rabies varies in degree: intense in Konfuristan, dormant in Waqooyistan (Bari ila Awdal).
2. Individual tribes have established semi-sovereign "federal states" that subvert the national government (e.g, Puntland).
AW's response - True. No contention here. The central government is essentially one for Benadir and its environs.
3. The national government is weak, corrupt, and totally dependent on outside aid for it's survival.
AW's response - This is a case of thinking small and adopting a dependency mentality. This government if it had the balls and guts could raise revenues domestically but the begging bowl mentality is hard to get rid off. Who asks for aid to pay for its armed forces
4. There has been no meaningful national dialogue/reconciliation about the civil war and its causes.
AW's response - Not at the national level. At the local district/regional level, this has been done. All groups in the countryside have moved in with antagonists @ the national or diaspora level have been fomenting conflict. The thing that is required most is combating the culture of impunity for war criminals. End that and every
faction leader will think twice about human rights abuses.
5. Somali factions are not open to compromise even when they are weak and close to defeat. They simply will call foreigners to their aid.
AW's response - Full agreement. The greatest disaster was the intervention of 1992. If those foreigners had not arrived, the Somalis would have been forced to compromise and strike a deal.
6. Neighboring states prefer to see a weak and divided Somalia that they can easily control.
AW's response - Full agreement. Asking Ethiopia, Kenya and IGAD to intervene in Somalia is equivalent of India intervening in Pakistan to solve its Taliban problem. Ain't going to work out well for Pakistan in the long run.
7. Anti-modernist retrogressive elements have taken root throughout Somalia (e.g, Wahabism).
AW's response - Full agreement. The 5 Column Dogs and their puppies have to be combated through the development of social assistance programs that compete for the poor, destitute hearts and minds. A lot of people who were in the aid programs in Somalia in the mid 90s saw the rise of the Arabist aid programs and knew that in about 10-15 years that they would have establish a loyal constituency to push their agenda. If there was stepped up aid assistance and not abandonment of Somalia by the UN/EU/USA in the 1990s, Al Haremein and Wahabia wouldn't have filled the vacuum.