Puntland (Somali: Dhul-Udug, Arabic: أرض البن�.), officially tha Puntland State of Somalia (Somali: Dowladda Puntland ee Soomaaliya, Arabic: بونتلاند دولة الصومال), be a region up in northeastern Somalia, centered on Garoowe up in tha Nugal province. Its leadaz declared tha territory a autonomous state up in 1998.[4]
Puntland is bordered by tha self-declared Rehood of Somaliland ta its westside, tha Gulf of Aden up in tha north, tha Indian Ocean up in tha southeast, tha central Galmudug region up in tha south, n' Ethiopia up in tha southwest. Unlike neighborin Somaliland, Puntland n' all other regions up in tha ghetto do not seek independence from Somalia.[5]
Da name "Puntland" is derived from tha Land of Punt mentioned by ancient Egyptian sources. Da exact location of tha fabled territory is still a mystery. Many studies suggest dat tha Land of Punt was located up in present-dizzle Somalia,[6][7] whereas others propose dat dat shiznit was situated elsewhere.[8]
Uptown Sultanates[edit]
Main article: Somali aristocratic n' court titlez
Warsangali Sultanate cavalry up in 1908.
Da Warsangali Sultanate was a imperial rulin doggy den centered up in northeastern n' up in some partz of southeastern Somalia. Dat shiznit was one of tha phattest sultanates eva established up in tha territory, and, all up in tha height of its power, included tha Sanaag region n' partz of tha northeastern Bari region of tha ghetto, a area historically known as Maakhir or tha Maakhir Coast. Da Sultanate was dropped up in tha late 1911th century up in northern Somalia by a crew of Somalis from tha Warsangali branch of tha Darod clan, n' was ruled by tha descendantz of tha Gerad Dhidhin. In tha late 19th century, tha influential Sultan Mohamoud Ali Shire governed tha Sultanate, assumin control durin a shitload of its most turbulent years.[9]
Da Majeerteen Sultanate (Migiurtinia) was dropped up in tha mid-18th century. Well shiiiit, it rose ta prominence tha followin century, under tha reign of tha resourceful Boqor (King) Osman Mahamuud.[10] Centred up in Aluula, it controlled much of northern n' central Somalia up in tha 19th n' early 20th centuries. Put ya muthafuckin choppers up if ya feel dis! Da politizzle maintained a robust tradin network, entered tha fuck into treatizzles wit foreign powers, n' exerted phat centralized authoritizzle on tha domestic front.[11][12]
Da Majeerteen Sultanate was nearly fucked wit up in tha mid-1800s by a juice struggle between Boqor Osman n' his thugged-out ambitious cousin, Guuleed Farax Kalajeex fo' realz. Afta almost five muthafuckin yearz of battle, tha lil' upstart was finally forced tha fuck into exile up in Yemen fo' realz. A decade later, up in tha 1870s, Kenadid returned from tha Arabian Peninsula wit a funky-ass crew of Hadhrami musketeers n' a crew of devoted lieutenants, n' you can put dat on yo' toast. With they assistance, he managed ta overpower tha local [Idigfacle]] clans n' establish tha Sultanate of Hooyo up in 1878.[10][13]
In late 1889, Boqor Osman entered tha fuck into a treaty wit Italy, makin his bangin realm a Italian protectorate yo. His rival Sultan Kenadashed had signed a similar agreement vis-a-vis his own Sultanate tha year before. Both rulaz had signed tha protectorate treatizzles ta advizzle they own expansionist objectives, wit Boqor Osman lookin ta use Italyz support up in his ongoin juice struggle wit Kenadid over tha Majeerteen Sultanate. Boqor Osman n' Sultan Kenadid also hoped ta exploit tha conflictin interests among tha European imperial powers dat was then lookin ta control tha Somali peninsula, so as ta stay tha fuck away from direct occupation of they territories by force.[14]
With tha gradual extension tha fuck into northern Somalia of European colonial rule, all three sultanates was annexed ta Italian Somaliland n' British Somaliland up in tha early 20th century.[14] Much of tha northern sultanates' forma domain is todizzle coextensive wit tha autonomous Puntland region up in northeastern Somalia.[15]
Peepin tha outbreak of tha Somali Civil War up in 1991, a homegrown constipationizzle conference was held up in Garoowe up in 1998 over a period of three months fo' realz. Attended by tha areaz ballistical elite, traditionizzle eldaz (Issims), thugz of tha bidnizz hood, intellectuals n' other civil society representatives, tha autonomous Puntland State of Somalia was established ta serve up skillz ta tha population, offer security, facilitate trade, n' interact wit domestic n' internationistic partners.[16]
As stipulated up in Article 1 of tha Transitionizzle Federal Charta of tha Somali Republic, Puntland be a part of tha Federal State of Somalia fo' realz. As such, tha region seeks tha unitizzle of tha Somalis n' adheres ta a gangbangin' federal system of posse.[17] Unlike tha secessionist region of Somaliland ta its westside, Puntland aint tryin ta obtain internationistic recognizzle as a separate nation.[5] But fuck dat shiznit yo, tha word on tha street is dat both regions have one thang up in common: they base they support upon clan eldaz n' they organizationizzle structure along lines based on clan relationshizzlez n' kinship.[5][18] Since 1998, Puntland has also been up in territorial disputes wit Somaliland over tha Sool n' Sanaag regions.
Establishment
Da legal structure of Puntland consistz of tha judiciary, legislatizzle (Doggy Den of Representatives) n' tha executizzle (the Prezzy n' his nominated Council of Ministries) branchez of posse.[17] Though relatively peaceful, tha region briefly experienced ballistical unrest up in 2001 when then Prezzy of Puntland, Abdulahi Yusuf Ahmed, one of tha foundin fatherz of tha Puntland State n' its first prez, wanted his cold-ass term extended. Y'all KNOW dat shit, muthafucka! Ahmed n' Jama Ali Jama fought fo' control of tha region, wit Ahmed emergin victorious tha followin year fo' realz. Ahmed served his second term as prez until October 2004, when da thug was erected Prezzy of Somalia yo. Dude was succeeded up in crib by Mohamed Hashi, whoz ass served until January 2005 when he lost a re-erection bid up in parliament ta General Mohamud Muse Hersi "Adde".
Muse administration
n March 2005, then Prezzy Muse fuckin started a ambitious plan ta build a airport up in Puntlandz commercial capital of Bosaso, a project which is now complete n' referred ta as Bender Qassim Internationistic Airport.[19][20]
In April 2007, Muse held meetings wit Sheikh Saud bin Saqr Al Qasimi, tha Crown Pimp n' Deputy Rula of Ras al-Khaimah up in tha United Arab Emirates (UAE), where tha two leadaz signed a agreement on a thugged-out deal fo' settin up of a thugged-out dedicated livestock quarantine facilitizzle ta facilitate tha import of livestock from Somalia ta tha UAE.[21] In October 2008, Muse also signed a Dh170 mazillion agreement wit Dubaiz Lootah Group ta support tha construction of a airport, seaport n' free unit up in tha coastal hood of Bosaso. Muse indicated dat "I believe dat when we finish all these projects our playas will benefit by gettin phat game skillz, ejaculation n' overall prosperity."[22]
Farole administration
In January 2009, Abdirahman Farole was erected tha freshly smoked up Prezzy of Puntland. Y'all KNOW dat shit, muthafucka! Upon assumin office, tha Farole administration implemented a fuckin shitload of reforms, particularly up in tha securitizzle n' judicial sectors. To bolsta tha regionz justice system, a shitload of freshly smoked up prosecutors, judges n' other court personnel as well as additionizzle prison guardz was hired n' trained. Y'all KNOW dat shit, muthafucka! In July 2010, tha Puntland Council of Ministas unanimously approved a freshly smoked up anti-terrorizzle law ta mo' efficiently handle terror suspects n' they accomplices; a special court be also sposed ta fuckin be established within tha regionz existin criminal courts system ta facilitate tha task.[23]
Fiscally, a transparent, budget-based hood finance system was established, which has reportedly helped increase hood confidence up in posse. In addition, a freshly smoked up regionizzle constipation was drafted n' lata passed on 15 June 2009, which is believed ta represent a thugged-out dope step toward tha eventual introduction of a multi-party ballistical system ta tha region fo' tha last time;[24] such a system already exists up in tha adjacent Somaliland region.[25]
Mo' modest reforms was also put tha fuck into motion up in tha hood sector, particularly up in tha ejaculation n' healthcare fields. Da regionizzle posse has hired mo' healthcare workers n' mackdaddys, wit major plans underway fo' school n' hospitizzle renovations.[24] One of da most thugged-out dope freshly smoked up reforms enacted by tha incumbent Puntland administration is tha launchin up in May 2009 of tha Puntland Agency For Ghetto Welfare (PASWE), tha straight-up original gangsta organization of its kind up in Somali history. Da agency serves up medicinal, ejaculationizzle n' counselin support ta vulnerable crews n' dudes like fuckin orphans, tha disabled n' tha blind. Y'all KNOW dat shit, muthafucka! PASWE is overseen by a Board of Directors, which consistz of religious scholars (ulema), bidnizz people, intellectuals n' traditionizzle elders.[26]
Democratization process[edit]
Main article: Puntland prezial erection, 2014
On 15 June 2009, tha Puntland posse passed a freshly smoked up regionizzle draft constipation, representin a thugged-out dope step toward tha eventual introduction of a multi-party ballistical system ta tha region fo' tha last time.[24]
On 15 April 2012, tha Puntland posse opened a gangbangin' four-dizzle constipationizzle convention officially inauguratin tha freshly smoked up constipation of Puntland. Overseen by tha Puntland Electoral Commission (PEC), tha constipation represented tha final step up in tha extant regionizzle democratization process n' was scheduled ta be followed by tha formation of ballistical parties.[27]
On 12 September 2012, tha Puntland Electoral Commission announced dat tha registration process fo' ballistical partizzles up in Puntland was now open. I aint talkin' bout chicken n' gravy biatch. This came afta tha passin of tha Ballistical Association Law, tha Referendum Act, tha District Erections Law n' tha inauguration of tha state constipation.[28] They will also be challengers up in tha next erections, scheduled fo' January 2014.[29]
On 14 November 2012, Prezzy Farole announced tha launchin of his freshly smoked up ballistical party, Horseed. Da association counts over 200 thugz n' represents tha incumbent Puntland posse, includin Vice Prezzy Abdisamad Ali Shire n' tha state Ministers. Well shiiiit, it is tha straight-up original gangsta prospectizzle jam ta regista fo' a application wit tha Transitionizzle Puntland Electoral Commission (TPEC) fo' realz. Accordin ta Farole, tha general hood is ghon be eligible fo' membershizzle up in tha organization once it is selected as a straight-up legit ballistical party.[30] Five other ballistical associations was established tha followin month, includin tha Union of tha Muthafuckaz of tha Regions or UPR (Ururka Gobolada Umadaha Bahoobey or UGUB),[31] tha Development n' Justice Jam or DJP (Xisbiga Horumarinta iyo Cadaalada or Hor-Cad), Midnimo, Talowadaag (Consensus-building), n' GAHAYR or Golaha Aqoonta iyo Horumarinta ee Asaaska Yoolka Runta (Council of Ejaculation n' Development towardz Foundin tha True Goal).[32
On 8 January 2014, forma Prime Minista of Somalia Abdiweli Mohamed Ali was erected tha 5th Prezzy of Puntland overcomin Dr. Shiiit, dis aint no joke. Farole by one vote only.[33] Abdihakim Abdullahi Haji Omar was concurrently erected Puntlandz Vice President.[34]
Ali administration
Speakerz of tha Puntland Parliament[edit]
Name Period
Yusuf Haji Sa'id[35] 1998�"2004
Cismaan Dalmar Batrool 2004�"2007
Ahmed Ali Hashi[36] 2007�"2009
Abdirashid Mohamed Hersi[37] 2009�"2013
Said Hassan Shire[38] 2014�"2015
Ahmed Ali Hashi[39] 2015�"present
State flag[edit]
Main article: Flag of Puntland
On 22 December 2009, Puntland MPs introduced a freshly smoked up state flag at a parliamentary session up in Garowe. With 38 of 41 legislators endorsin tha motion, it also permitted tha creation of a freshly smoked up state anthem.[40]
Puntlandz freshly smoked up regionizzle flag consistz of three colours: white, blue n' green.
Top: tha blue stripe wit tha white star up in tha centa symbolizes tha flag of Somalia
Center: tha white stripe up in tha centa represents peace n' stabilitizzle up in tha region
Bottom: tha chronic stripe symbolizes tha natural wealth of tha Puntland State of Somalia
Regions[edit]
As stipulated up in Article 3 of tha Transitionizzle Federal Charta of tha Somali Republic, Puntland consistz of tha followin regions:[17][41]
Puntland Regions Capitals Districts
Cayn Buuhoodle 3
Bari Bosaso 5
Karkaar Qardho 5
Haylaan Dhahar 3
Mudug Galkayo 3
Nugal Garowe 5
Sanaag Erigavo 4
Sool Las Anod 4
Redistrictin n' border disputes[edit]
Main article: Puntland�"Somaliland dispute
In January 2009, Maakhir was officially incorporated tha fuck into Puntland.[42]
Control of tha westside Sool, Sanaag n' Cayn (SSC) provinces is disputed wit tha autonomous Khatumo State (formerly HBM-SSC or Hoggaanka Badbaadada iyo Mideynta SSC) n' Somaliland regionz of Somalia.[43]
On 8 April 2013, tha Puntland posse announced tha creation of a freshly smoked up region named Gardafuul. Carved outta tha Bari region, it consistz of three districts n' has its capital at Aluula.[44] Prior ta namin dis freshly smoked up region, tha previous posse of Puntland pimped three regions, all carved outta tha existin regions: Karkaar was carved outta Bari, Haylaan outta Sanaag, n' Ayn outta Togdheer region.[45]
Geography
Puntland is geographically situated up in tha northeastern portion of Somalia. Well shiiiit, it is bordered by tha Somaliland region of Somalia ta its westside, tha Gulf of Aden up in tha north, tha Indian Ocean up in tha southeast, tha central Galmudug region of Somalia up in tha south, n' Ethiopia up in tha southwest. Puntland occupies a total land area of 80,000 km2 or roughly one-third of Somaliaz geographical area.[17]
Climate[edit]
Da region is semi-arid, wit a warm climate n' average everyday temperatures rangin from 27 °C (80.6 °F) ta 37 °C (98.6 °F). These climatic conditions favor pastoralism as da most thugged-out effectizzle use of land up in most partz of tha region. I aint talkin' bout chicken n' gravy biatch. Da most valuable grazin land includes tha Hawd region up in tha high plateau ta tha westside of tha Mudug n' Sool regionz of Somalia, n' tha fuck into Ethiopia n' tha low Nugaal valley. Mild temperatures, by contrast, is experienced only along tha high mountain rangez of Bari. In all other areas, Puntland is generally characterized by tropical desert heat.[17]
Rainfall is sparse n' variable, wit no single area receivin mo' than 400 mm (15.7 in) of drizzle annually. Nomadz primarily rely on wells as a source of wata rather than surface water. There is four main seasons round which pastoral n' agricultural game revolve, n' these is dictated by shifts up in tha wind patterns. Puntlandz seasons are:[17]
Jilal �" from January ta March; tha harshest dry season of tha year.
Gu �" from April ta June; tha main wet-ass season.
Xagaa �" from July ta September; tha second dry season.
Deyr �" from October ta December; tha shorta n' less reliable wet-ass season.
Ejaculation[edit]
Main article: Education up in Somalia
Peepin tha outbreak of tha civil war up in Somalia, a shitload of problems arose wit regard ta access ta ejaculation up in rural areas n' along gender lines, qualitizzle of ejaculationizzle provisions, responsivenizz of school curricula, ejaculationizzle standardz n' controls, pimpment n' plannin capacity, n' financing. To address these concerns, tha Puntland posse is up in tha process of pimpin a ejaculationizzle policy ta guide tha regionz scholastic process as it embarks on tha path of reconstruction n' economic pimpment. Da latta includes a gender sensitizzle nationistic ejaculation policy compliant wit ghetto standards, like fuckin dem outlined up in tha Convention on tha Rightz of tha Lil Pimp (CRC) n' tha Convention on tha Elimination of All Formz of Discrimination against Booty (CEDAW).[49] Examplez of dis n' other ejaculationizzle measures at work is tha possez enactment of legislation aimed at securin tha ejaculationizzle interestz of girls,[50] biggin' up tha growth of a Early Childhood Development (ECD) program designed ta reach muthafathas n' care-givers up in they cribs as well as up in tha ECD centas fo' 0- ta 5-year-old children,[51] n' introducin incentizzle packages ta encourage mackdaddys ta work up in remote rural areas.[52]
Within tha Puntland posse, tha Ministry of Ejaculation is responsible fo' pimpin n' managin tha regionz ejaculationizzle needs.[53] It be headed by tha Minista Mohamud Bile Dubbe, under whom a Vice Minista n' Director General help oversee a Post-Primary Ejaculation Division (PPED) n' a Basic Ejaculation Directorate (BED), among other
Da ejaculationizzle system of Puntland comprises two muthafuckin yearz of Early Childhood Development (ECD), eight muthafuckin yearz of primary ejaculation (four muthafuckin yearz of lower primary n' four muthafuckin yearz of upper primary) n' four muthafuckin yearz of secondary ejaculation. Tertiary ejaculation comprises a average of four years,[55] wit tha region currently countin seven major universities: Puntland State University up in Garowe, Puntland State Universitizzle up in Galkayo, Bosaso College up in Bosaso, Eastside Somalia University up in Qardho,[56] Mogadishu University (Puntland branch) up in Bosaso, Maakhir University up in Badhan, Sanaag, n' Nugaal University up in Las Anod.[57] Eastside Africa University also has six branches up in Puntland, wit campuses up in Bosaso, Erigavo, Galdogob, Galkayo, Garowe n' Qardho.[58] Thus, it aint nuthin but a 2-4-4-4 system. Puntlandz Ministry of Ejaculation also recognizes non-formal ejaculation (NFE) n' technical/vocationizzle ejaculation n' hustlin (TVET) as integral partz of tha regionz ejaculationizzle system.[55]
From 2005/2006 ta 2006/2007, there was a thugged-out dope increase up in tha number of schools up in Puntland, up 137 institutions from just one year prior. Shiiit, dis aint no joke. Durin tha same period, tha number of classes up in tha region increased by 504, wit 762 mo' mackdaddys also offerin they skillz. Total hustla enrollment increased by 27% over tha previous year, wit hoes laggin only slightly behind thugs up in attendizzle up in most regions. Da highest class enrollment was observed up in tha northernmost Bari region, n' tha lowest was observed up in tha under-populated Ayn region. I aint talkin' bout chicken n' gravy biatch. Da distribution of classrooms was almost evenly split between urban n' rural areas, wit marginally mo' pupils attendin n' instructors teachin classes up in urban areas.[59]
Demographics n' religion
Main article: Islam up in Puntland
Az of 2015, tha population of Puntland is estimated at 4.2 mazillion gangstas, 65% of whom is nomads.[17] Da region is primarily inhabited by playas from tha
Somali ethnic group, wit tha Harti Darod especially well-represented.[60] There is also a fuckin shitload of Mehri gangstas.[61]
Puntlandz population growth rate is like high due up in part ta a influx of playas from southern Somalia n' from neighborin Northeast African countries. Put ya muthafuckin choppers up if ya feel dis! Currently, 30% of tha regionz gangstas live up in tha fast-growin townz of Bosaso, Gardo, Garowe n' Galkayo fo' realz. Approximately 70% of tha population be also below tha age of 30.[17]
Da population density up in Puntland is estimated at bout 18 peeps per km2.[17]
As wit tha rest of Somalia, Islam is tha main religion of tha Puntland region. I aint talkin' bout chicken n' gravy biatch. 100% of all gangstaz of Puntland is Muslims.[17]
Transportation
In termz of hood transportation, bus skillz operate up in Bosaso, Garowe, Las Anod, Galkayo n' Qardho. Right back up in yo muthafuckin ass. Shuttle skillz between tha regionz major towns n' adjacent hamlets is also available via different typez of hoopties, like fuckin 4 wheel drives n' light loot vehiclez (LGV) fo' realz. Az of May 2015, over 70,000 vehiclez is registered wit tha Puntland Ministry of Works n' Transport.[62]
Puntland is traversed by a 750 km north�"south highway. Well shiiiit, it connects major ghettos up in tha northern part of Somalia, like fuckin Garowe, Bosaso n' Galkayo, wit towns up in tha south.[63] In 2012, tha Puntland Highway Authoritizzle completed rehabilitation work on tha central artery linkin Garowe wit Galkayo.[64] Da transportation body also started a upgrade n' repair project up in June 2012 on tha big-ass thoroughfare between tha regionizzle capital n' Bosaso.[65] Additionally, renovations fuckin started up in October 2012 on tha freeway linkin Bosaso wit Qardho.[64] Plans is also up in tha works ta construct freshly smoked up roadz connectin littoral towns up in tha region ta tha main highway.[65]
Bosaso has a major seaport, which was constructed durin tha mid-1980s fo' annual livestock shipments ta tha Middle East. In January 2012, a renovation project was launched, wit KMC contracted ta upgrade tha harbor. Shiiit, dis aint no joke. Da initiativez first phase saw tha clean-up of unwanted shiznit from tha dockyard n' was completed within tha month. Da second phase involves tha reconstruction of tha portz adjoinin seabed, wit tha objectizzle of accommopimpin larger ships.[66] In 2012, a crew of engineers was also enlisted by tha Puntland authoritizzles ta assess tha ongoin renovations takin place all up in tha Las Khorey port.[67] Accordin ta tha Minista of Ports, Saeed Mohamed Ragge, tha Puntland posse intendz ta launch mo' such pimpment projects up in Las Khorey.[68]
For air transportation, local airlines offer flights ta various domestic n' internationistic locations, like fuckin Djibouti, Addis Ababa, Dubai n' Jeddah; they also provide flights fo' tha Hajj n' Umrah pilgrimages. Da most prominent airlines up in Puntland is Jubba Airways, Osob Air n' Daallo Airlines, which operate from Bender Qassim Internationistic Airport up in Bosaso n' Abdullahi Yusuf Internationistic Airport (formerly Galkayo Airport) up in Galkayo, among other places. In late September 2013, a launchin ceremony of tender process fo' tha Bosaso airportz renovations was held all up in tha facility. Da renovations will include tha extension of tha airportz gravel runway from 1,800 m ta 2,650 m. Da runwayz width will also be widened from 30 m ta 45 m, n' feature 7.5 m gravel shouldaz on both sides fo' realz. Accordin ta Puntland Deputy Minista of Civil Aviation Abdiqani Gelle, tha Puntland posse plans ta carry up similar upgrades all up in tha Garowe Internationistic Airport up in Garowe, tha Abdullahi Yusuf Internationistic Airport up in Galkayo, n' tha Qardho Airport up in Qardho.[69]
Military
Main article: Puntland Securitizzle Force
Da Puntland Securitizzle Force (PSF) is tha armed force of tha autonomous Puntland region. I aint talkin' bout chicken n' gravy biatch. Commandaz n' ballin' officialz of tha military is appointed by a qualified panel approved by tha Council of Ministers.[70] Da Puntland securitizzle apparatus also has a independent military judiciary.[70]
Da PSF includes tha Puntland Dervish Force (PDF), its straight-up legit paramilitary division.[71] It operates its own five-o force, which includes a Special Protection Unit.[71]
Da Puntland Intelligence Agency (PIA) is tha intelligence bureau of Puntlandz military. Dat shiznit was established up in 2001 as tha Puntland Intelligence Service durin tha rule of Prezzy Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed, wit help from tha United Hoods.[72]
Da Puntland Maritime Popo Force (PMPF) be a locally recruited, professionizzle maritime securitizzle force. Well shiiiit, it is primarily aimed at preventing, detectin n' eradicatin piracy, illegal fishing, n' other illicit activitizzle off of tha coast of Somalia, n' at generally safeguardin tha nationz marine resources.[73][74] In addition, tha Force serves up civic support, includin repairin wells, rehabilitatin hospitizzlez n' clinics, n' refurbishin roads, airports n' other infrastructure. Well shiiiit, it also offers game hustlin programs ta local communities.[74][75]
Economy
Puntland has 1600 km of coastline, which be abundant wit fish n' other natural marine resources fo' realz. Additionizzle economic shizzle n' activitizzlez of tha region include livestock, frankincense, myrrh, gum arabic, manufacturing n' agriculture.[76]
In December 2011, a freshly smoked up commercial market opened up in Bosasoz northern Dayaha ("Star") hood, near tha seaport fo' realz. Approximately half a kilometa up in size, dat shiznit was designed ta ensure easy as fuck hoopty access. Da market is tha result of careful plannin between Puntland posse officials n' civil society representatives.[77]
Bosaso be also home ta Golis Telecom Somalia, tha phattest telecommunications operator up in northeastern Somalia. Founded up in 2002 wit tha objectizzle of supplyin tha ghetto wit GSM mobile skillz, fixed line n' internizzle skillz, it has a extensive network dat covers all of tha nationz major ghettos n' mo' than 40 districts up in both Puntland n' Somaliland.[78] Additionally, Netco has its headquartas up in tha hood. Other telecommunication firms servin tha region include Telcom n' NationLink.
In April 2013, tha Puntland Ministry of Fisheries n' Marine Resources officially inaugurated a freshly smoked up fish market up in Garowe. Constructed up in conjunction wit tha UK authoritizzles n' tha UNDP, it is part of a larger regionizzle pimpment plan which will peep two other similar marketplaces launched within tha year up in Galkayo n' Qardho.[79]
In August 2014, up in conjunction wit tha posse of Djibouti n' a internationistic construction firm headquartered up in China, tha Puntland Transhiznit n' Seaports Ministry launched a project ta establish freshly smoked up seaports up in tha regionizzle state. Da initiatizzle is part of a funky-ass broader campaign by tha Puntland administration ta focus on tappin tha fuck into tha regionz commercial potential all up in various pimpment projects.[80]
Oil exploration[edit]
Main article: Oil exploration up in Puntland
In tha 2000s, tha Puntland posse fuckin started straight-up legit negotiations wit foreign oil g-units over exploration muthafuckin rights up in tha area. Da provincial authoritizzles up in October 2005 granted Range Resources a majoritizzle stake up in two sizable land-based mineral n' hydrocarbon exploration licenses, up in addizzle ta offshore rights, n' you can put dat on yo' toast. Da onshore Nugaal n' Dharoor Valley blocks up in question span over 14,424 km2 n' 24,908 km2, respectively. Two muthafuckin years later, Range Resources obtained a 100% interest up in tha two blocks n' concurrently farmed up 80% of dat share ta Canmex Minerals.[81]
In January 2007, tha Puntland administration, which was then hustled by Prezzy Mohamud Muse Hersi, signed tha Puntland Product Sharin Agreement (PSA) wit Range Resources Limited n' tha Canmex Minerals subsidiary Canmex Holdings (Bermuda) Pt II Limited.[82]
Peepin a cold-ass lil chizzle up in leadershizzle up in 2009, tha Puntland posse, now hustled by Prezzy Abdirahman Mohamud Farole, sought ta renegotiate tha profit pluggin agreement wit Range Resources ta ensure mo' favorable terms fo' tha region.[83] In 2012, tha Puntland posse gave tha chronic light ta tha straight-up original gangsta straight-up legit oil exploration project up in Puntland n' Somalia at large.[84][85]
Media
Puntland has its own televizzle channel n' studios. Puntland TV n' Radio is tha hood broadcastin network of tha autonomous Puntland region of Somalia. Its headquartas is all up in tha regionizzle capital of Garowe. Da steez also maintains a crib up in London. Founded up in April 2013, Puntland TV n' Radio broadcasts locally up in Somali via terrestrial service. Well shiiiit, it also airs programs globally all up in satellite. Radio Puntland broadcasts internationally via shortwave, wit its transmission reachin as far as Finland. Its standard programmin includes general hype, focusin on regionizzle pimpments, game n' entertainment.[86][87]
Da private stations Eastside Televizzle Network (ETN TV) n' Somali Broadcastin Corporation (SBC TV) broadcast from Bosaso.[88]
Established up in 2004, Radio Garowe be a cold-ass lil hood radio station based up in Garowe. Da station broadcasts everyday from Somalia at 89.8 FM,[89] coverin all tha sickest fuckin headlines up in Somali hype, ballistics n' society. Well shiiiit, it also broadcasts other special programmin on Garowe Online, its online sista joint.
LaasqorayNET be another privately owned joint based up in Badhan, Bosaso, Dubai n' London. Da joint features articlez freestyled up in Somali n' English. In addition, tha joint hosts some audio, though tha latta aint regularly updated.
Radio Gaalkacyo is tha state radio station. I aint talkin' bout chicken n' gravy biatch. Based up in Galkayo, dat shiznit was formerly known as Radio Jacked Somalia.
Horseed Media was established up in 2002 by a crew of Somali intellectuals up in tha Netherlands n' Finland. Da station broadcasts from Bosaso n' has a listenin crew of bout 80,000 people, wit a reach of 150 km2. Well shiiiit, it also operates a joint dat counts over 10,000 everyday visitors.
Based up in Garowe, Puntland Post was established up in 2001 by Somali expatriates up in Denmark. Its joint publishes everyday domestic n' internationistic shizzle reports n' analysis up in both Somali n' Gangsta, wit a emphasis on Puntland affairs.
Established up in 2014, Puntland Star presents breakin hype, stories n' documentaries from Somalia n' tha rest of tha ghetto. Right back up in yo muthafuckin ass.
Other media crews include Raxanreeb Online (RBC Radio). Launched up in 2006, RBC presents Somali shizzle ta a global crew up in both Somali n' Gangsta. With direct sources based up in Somalia, it covers local ballistics n' society.[90]
SOURCE:
http://www.gizoogle.net/xfer.php?link=h ... gNufvkwEaw
