ETHIOPIAN AIRPOWER:
FROM INCEPTION TO VICTORY IN THE OGADEN WAR
By
SCOTT A. SCHAEFER
http://ufdc.ufl.edu/UFE0045070
So why did Ethiopia win the Ogaden War?
The previously mentioned factors of population size, Somali’s
limited supply of war materials, and the eventual Soviet involvement were certainly all
contributory factors. However, as demonstrated in this article, the Ethiopian Air Force
was indispensible to the success of Ethiopia in defending her territories.
The same argument can be made about Soviet and Cuban involvement. The
massive influx of weapons and personnel turned the war from defensive to offensive.
But once again, we must remember that this assistance did not occur in significant
amounts until November 1977, well past the successful defense of Dire Dawa and the
halting of Somali troops just beyond the Marda Pass. Soviet weapons and Cuban
personnel greatly assisted the Ethiopians in driving the invading forces back to Somalia,
but they did not halt their forward progress in August and September. This was
accomplished by the Ethiopians themselves, particularly the Ethiopian Air Force
Finally, the fact that Somalia was only sufficiently provisioned for a war of short
duration, approximately six months, is assumed to be true. This situation was further
complicated by the expulsion of Soviet advisors and Cuban troops by the Somalis in
November. Somalia was therefore committed to fighting a protracted conflict, reliant on
both speed and surprise. Their advance, however, was slowed considerably by the
constant bombardment and harassment by the Ethiopian fighters. Additionally, as the
Somalis became more overextended, the persistent attacks against the Somali lines of
communication and supply reduced their fighting capabilities on the fronts. By slowing
down the Somali advance and weakening their resupply, the Ethiopians could bide their
time. The longer the war progressed, the greater chance Ethiopia had for victory