gemini07 wrote:East,West and Center ^
but the CSA 2005 National Statistics of Ethiopia never mentions Mjs living in Danot - and this is the UN on wardeer district - it does mention Mjs living in Wardeer ,Boho and Geladi but not Danot -
"Prior to 1960, the only dry season water points in Warder district were the Warder wells and those in its vicinity: Welwlel, Gerlogube, Afyerado, Ubatale, Wafdug and Yo'ub (see map 4). Darood -Ogaden, Darood-- Majertein and Isaaq- Habar Yunis pastoralists watered from these wells. As described for Gashaamo district, there existed, to an extent, identifiable areas for dry and wet season grazing. The Rer Ibrahim sub clan of the Ogaden, for example, watered from Warder and Walwal wells and in the dry season would graze their livestock in the area close to these wells and then, following the rains, would move further north towards Danod in search of fresh grazing.
From the 1960s, birkeds began to be constructed in Warder district. The demand for additional water points was given impetus by the increasing pressure on the wells and desire for better access during the dry season to pasture at further distance from the wells. Birked construction rapidly increased from the 1970s. As for Gashaamo district, the effect has been to disrupt the previous seasonal grazing pattern. For example, Map 5 shows the heavy concentration of clusters of birkeds today north and west of Warder in the area inhabited by the Rer Ibrahim sub-clan. The area that was previously grazed mainly in the wet season can now be grazed throughout the dry season by those watering stock from birkeds."
It is important to note that Warder district is different from Gashaamo district in that it is served by both permanent wells and birkeds. Some pastoralists have access to sufficient water from birkeds to allow them to use this source solely without recourse to wells. Others may use birkeds at the beginning of the dry season and then use the wells once the birked water is exhausted. "
(c) Boh and Geladi Districts"
Boh and Geladi districts are inhabited mainly by the Dulbahante and Majertein clans with other clans such as the Marahan found in lesser numbers. Up to the 1950s, pastoralists grazing in present day Boh and Geladi districts watered from the wells of Warder in Ethiopia and Galkacyo, Las Caanod or Garowe in Somalia (see Map 4 for the location of these). Although Geladi wells and other shallow wells in their vicinity were also used, they did not always yield sufficient water in the dry season to represent a reliable permanent water point.
Water points in the area increased from the 1950s with the sinking of a borehole close to the Geladi wells in 1954. The shallow wells of Geladi, Dudub, Durwayale, Korof, Cel Furdan, Gaal Dheer and Godene Dayeer became more significant water points around this period as existing wells were improved and new ones dug at these sites. The Boh borehole was drilled in 1963 followed by Docmo and Dogob boreholes in the 1970s.
From the 1970s, the number of birkeds also increased substantially. Now there are 65 villages with birkeds in Boh district and up to 55 in Geladi district. The number of birkeds in each village varies widely. There are estimated to be 3,000 birkeds around the village of Qalo'an for example whereas other settlements have as few as 20. The building of birkeds has been stimulated with the arrival of refugees fleeing Somalia since 1988. They have settled in villages creating extra demand for water and hence the need for more birkeds.
As for Warder and Geladi districts, the growth of birkeds has meant the disruption of previous patterns of wet and dry season grazing. Birkeds and boreholes have been introduced in areas such as that bounded by Jinacle, Marqan, Anglo and Docmo which was previously grazed mainly in the wet season only but is now grazed throughout the year."