WHY DID PEOPLE BECOME WHITE? !!!!!

[Daanyeer]

Source: http://refreshingnews9.blogspot.com/200 ... white.html
Wednesday, September 2, 2009


Humans come in a rainbow of hues, from dark chocolate browns to nearly translucent whites.

This full kaleidoscope of skin colors was a relatively recent evolutionary development, according to biologists, occuring alongside the migration of modern humans out of Africa between 100,000 and 50,000 years ago.

The consensus among scientists has always been that lower levels of vitamin D at higher latitudes — where the sun is less intense — caused the lightening effect when modern humans, who began darker-skinned, first migrated north.

But other factors might be at work, a new study suggests. From the varying effects of frostbite to the sexual preferences of early men, a host of theories have been reviewed.

Vitamin iDea

Vitamin D plays an important role in bone growth and the body's natural protection against certain diseases, and the inability to absorb enough in areas of less-powerful sunlight would have decreased life expectancies in our African ancestors. The further north they trekked, the more vitamin D they needed and the lighter they got over the generations, due to natural selection.

This explanation accounts for the world's gradients of skin color traveling south to north, the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among African immigrants to higher latitudes, as well as the relatively darker skin of Canada's Inuit peoples, who have good levels of vitamin D despite living in the Arctic, due to their diet rich in oily fish.

Sounds about right ... right?

In fact, there might have been a number of concurrent evolutionary pressures at work that contributed to the development of lighter skin, according to a new study published in the August issue of the Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology.

“In our opinion the vitamin D hypothesis is one of the most likely hypotheses responsible for skin lightening, although there still is no consensus about it,” said study author Asta Juzeniene of the Oslo University Hospital in Oslo, Norway.

A number of competing theories were explained and evaluated by Juzeniene and her team, reopening a debate that remains one of the most interesting and controversial in biology.

Paling in comparison

Sexual selection may have played a role, for one, with males preferring paler skin in northern latitudes, the researchers surmised.

“One of the hypotheses is that men seem to prefer women with a light skin color, which can be regarded as a sign of youth and fertility,” Juzeniene told LiveScience. “Because light skin characterizes the early infant stage of primates, it may have become a visual cue that triggers appropriate adult behavior toward infants, i.e. decreased aggressiveness and increased desire to provide care and protection,” she said.

As lighter skin became associated with increased health in northerly latitudes, men may have preferred mates with lighter skin and produced ever-paler generations. Fertility and health statistics at different latitudes from a few thousand years ago aren't available, Juzeniene cautioned, however, so the theory is difficult to test.

Frostbite was another causal effect investigated by the researchers.

Some reports from American soldiers serving in the Korean War and elsewhere have indicated that dark skin is more prone to frostbite than white because it emits more heat. In colder climates, evolution could have negatively selected for paler skin if frostbite was significant enough to perhaps kill darker-skinned children.

Despite the anecdotal evidence, there is not enough scientific data to support frostbite as a strong enough single factor to lighten skin in places such as Europe, the researchers said.

On the farm

Another possibility noted was the switch from subsistence-based economies to agriculture approximately 10,000 years ago, which eliminated vitamin D-rich food sources from the diet. This would have had an especially potent effect in northern Europe, according to Juzeniene and her team.

“Development of agriculture has occurred in several places, and did not necessarily lead to skin lightening if the ambient UVB [ultraviolet light from the sun] level was sufficiently high to allow adequate vitamin D synthesis. Cold climates and high latitudes would speed up the need for skin lightening,” however, if people were relying mainly on grains as a food source, the researchers wrote.

The main problem with this agriculture theory is that the switch from gathering to farming occurred relatively recently, and scientists question whether all of the evolutionary changes associated with skin color could have happened so quickly.

Skin lightening could also have been accelerated by something as simple as genetic drift, making it “easier” for a pale skin mutations to succeed in northern latitudes.

Though other elements may have come into play and need to be examined further, vitamin D remains the most likely explanation, Juzeniene stressed, especially given its role in overall health.

“If we assume that vitamin D does not play any role in the development of human skin color, neither white nor dark, many people in the world would suffer from vitamin D deficiency,” she said.

While people of all skin types have the ability to produce the same amount of vitamin D in their systems, “highly pigmented people will need to stay in the sun around 6 times longer than light people in order to synthesize the same amount of vitamin D,” Juzeniene said, and a lack of the vitamin — something occurring among many American children right now, partly because they don't get out much — can make humans more susceptible to everything from heart disease to internal cancers.

[Kinetic]

It is all conjecture. Allah already simplified the facts of skin colour and linguistic differences among mankind. Evolution has nothing to do with it. Although I can not find authentication for it, it is said that Adam spoke all languages people speak today.

[The Nomad]

It is all conjecture. Allah already simplified the facts of skin colour and linguistic differences among mankind. Evolution has nothing to do with it. Although I can not find authentication for it, it is said that Adam spoke all languages people speak today.

What? No.

Nothing substantial says that Adam was omni-lingual. Are you confused with the ayat in Sura al-Baqara where Allah states that Adam knew the names of all things?

[Kinetic]

The Nomad, I thought we were not talking to each other. What happened? The verse you speak of doesn't specify what language Adam spoke but indicated that he was able to name things after Allah gave Adam the knowledge. I am ware of that. What I can't Authenticate is what I read sometime ago which indicated Adam spoke all the languages his off springs speak today. You are the one who is confused about what I said.

[The Nomad]

The Nomad, I thought we were not talking to each other. What happened?

I don't recall that. I remember running mental laps around you which led to your perpetual hiding. I forgive you, man. It's Ramadan. Besides, it's the internet.

The verse you speak of doesn't specify what language Adam spoke but indicated that he was able to name things after Allah gave Adam the knowledge. I am ware of that. What I can't Authenticate is what I read sometime ago which indicated Adam spoke all the languages his off springs speak today. You are the one who is confused about what I said.

If you can't authenticate it, don't bring it up. I don't care what you read from a two-bit website. No substantial source has stated Adam was omni-lingual. You are very confused.

[Kinetic]

I don't recall that. I remember running mental laps around you which led to your perpetual hiding. I forgive you, man. It's Ramadan. Besides, it's the internet..

You must have profound need within you to prove you are not a retard. Why else would you bleed from the mouth incessantly claiming superior mental acumen when nobody challenges you to prove? PS: You are soliciting my conversation. Ha ila hadlin nin yohow. Go pick on the little girls and do a victory lap when you scare them into silence.

No substantial source has stated Adam was omni-lingual. You are very confused.

Yea, you have read and can account for the billion plus websites on the net.

[The Nomad]

You must have profound need within you to prove you are not a retard. Why else would you bleed from the mouth incessantly claiming superior mental acumen when nobody challenges you to prove? PS: You are soliciting my conversation. Ha ila hadlin nin yohow. Go pick on the little girls and do a victory lap when you scare them into silence.

Hilarious. The bottom line is this: You could name the topic and force me to debate for a viewpoint I don't agree with and which is objectively wrong, and I would still be likely to win the debate. Such is the nature of superior skill.

Childish quips won't change that fact.

Yea, you have read and can account for the billion plus websites on the net.

The onus is on you. You made the claim. Why make a stupid, unsubstantiated claim if you know you cannot find proof when challenged to do so?

What do you stand to gain outside of looking like an idiot?

[Kinetic]

Hilarious. The bottom line is this: You could name the topic and force me to debate for a viewpoint I don't agree with and which is objectively wrong, and I would still be likely to win the debate. Such is the nature of superior skill. Childish quips won't change that fact.

Inviting you to a debate is to expect from a mental patient to make sense of the world outside his insanity. Perhaps if and when I think taking advantage of the crazy is morally acceptable, I will pull you aside for a chatt and invite you to speak at your mad heart's content to have some laughs.

The onus is on you. You made the claim. Why make a stupid, unsubstantiated claim if you know you cannot find proof when challenged to do so? What do you stand to gain outside of looking like an idiot?

There is no Onus on me. I already stablished I can not authenticate what I said. Only someone like you who has deep seated insecurity about himself would jump on the mundane and make a fuss about it only to prove one more time how ridiculous their state of mind is. That is the hilarity of this exchange, and at your expense. Now, beat it and don't come for more.

[The Nomad]

Inviting you to a debate is to expect from a mental patient to make sense of the world outside his insanity. Perhaps if and when I think taking advantage of the crazy is morally acceptable, I will pull you aside for a chatt and invite you to speak at your mad heart's content to have some laughs.

Please stop saying these hurtful things to me, I don't know if you've heard but I'm terribly insecure.

There is no Onus on me. I already stablished I can not authenticate what I said. Only someone like you who has deep seated insecurity about himself would jump on the mundane and make a fuss about it only to prove one more time how ridiculous their state of mind is. That is the hilarity of this exchange, and at your expense. Now, beat it and don't come for more.

So you lied, essentially? As somebody with superior knowledge regarding the deen, I can tell you for a fact that your original statement is false, and frankly, is what I'd expect from a complete idiot. Are you a complete idiot?

Why would you lie about a Prophet? During Ramadan, none the less?

Nuance is that thing you mistook for confusion, by the by.

You know, I wouldn't have to correct you if you managed to refrain from posting whatever stupid thought came into your head. I don't know how you came up with that travesty, but at least you know better now.

[Grant]

Changes in skin, eye and hair color are very, very late:

http://evoandproud.blogspot.com/2007/09 ... white.html

"Even later are the changes to European skin color, eye color, and hair color. Whitening of the skin, through allelic changes at the AIM1 gene, is dated to about 11,000 years ago (Soejima et al., 2005). Allelic changes at other skin color loci are similarly dated to the late Upper Paleolithic or even the Holocene (Voight et al., 2006). No less recent is diversification of eye color alleles at the OCA2 gene (Voight et al., 2006). Diversification of hair color alleles at the MC1R gene has yet to be reliably dated but is likely contemporaneous. This whitening of the skin and diversification of eye and hair color clearly constitute an in situ evolution within Europe, being most prominent within a zone centered on the East Baltic and covering the north and the east. Within this zone, skin is unusually white, almost at the physiological limit of depigmentation, eyes are not only brown but also blue, gray, hazel or green, and hair is not only black but also brown, flaxen, golden or red. As one moves further east and south, these color traits disappear and merge into the standard human pattern of dark skin, brown eyes, and black hair."

This study points to these changes occurring in the area east of the Baltic. I read a mitochrondial study, which I can't seem to find this morning, that said all Caucasians descend from eight women living in the area of the Black Sea 10,000 years ago. I note that these studies are not necessarily in conflict.

If you get into these studies, you will find constant mention of mutations at various DNA sites. This IS evolution, a refinement and diversication, after an initial creation. The literature is filled with variant disease studies linked to various mutations. See what you get when you search "origin of the white race".

[Kinetic]

^ Freaks of Nature huh?

[Basra-]

Forget about this stupidity about vitamin D or the exposure of sun light causing light skin- or north and south idiotic business. Can a study be made where they can come up with how the HELL the two original race could differ from each other so inpropotionately? How does one race have large wide chimp like nose,dark madoow skin, nappy hair, smooth body and dark eyers- while the other race has long thin nose, pale skin, blonde hair, blue eyes,green, hazel, eyes?? What is the origin of a soft blonde hair to that of a nappy hard adoon hair? If mankind is a descdant of Adam- what went wrong? I cant rationalize myself into coming up with a reasonable explanation to come up with the formation of blues and blonde hair vs dark eyes and nappy hair.



PS: Kinetic u r hilarious

[Grant]

Forget about this stupidity about vitamin D or the exposure of sun light causing light skin- or north and south idiotic business. Can a study be made where they can come up with how the HELL the two original race could differ from each other so inpropotionately? How does one race have large wide chimp like nose,dark madoow skin, nappy hair, smooth body and dark eyers- while the other race has long thin nose, pale skin, blonde hair, blue eyes,green, hazel, eyes?? What is the origin of a soft blonde hair to that of a nappy hard adoon hair? If mankind is a descdant of Adam- what went wrong? I cant rationalize myself into coming up with a reasonable explanation to come up with the formation of blues and blonde hair vs dark eyes and nappy hair.

PS: Kinetic u r hilarious

I, for one, believe it.

[James Dahl]

Pretty much, all humans were black about 11,000 years ago and different populations lost their melanin as they moved north for a variety of reasons, whether due to mutations, environmental pressures and survival advantages to having less melanin in northerly climes during the Copper and Bronze Ages.

We're all pretty much the same people, all over the world. Skin colour is the most visible difference between human populations but doesn't really have any significance.

[Basra-]

James Dahl.... I disagree. Skin color is not the most visible difference in humans. I should say-- the blues eyes and the hair is a major difference. Why does a single entire race have all black eyes to correspond with their lovely--excess vitamin D dark skin and the whites have colorful variations of eye color. Green, Blue, hazel etc etc---these r hard-unchanging genetic characteristics. What is the origin of such a huge difference. I dont give much credence to skin color myself--coz i myself --went from marine/sweet brown to light skin when i came to the west. I dont sit around and ponder what caused this pigmentation revolution. But i do wonder as to why all blacks have dark eye color and whites have a variety of color of eyes. And blonde hair??? Can someone explain tafadhlaan?





PS: Grant----- can u shut up old man!