some extracts of the book
3.1.6 Clan Cleavages and Conflict before 1991
The most tragic and ruinous clan cleavages and clan conflict in recent decades is the armed conflict which pitted the supporters of Mohamed Siyaad Barre�s regime and the Isaaq clan, led by the Somali National Movement from 1981-91. This protracted of war between citizens and their supposed government had clearly shown the Isaaq that neither shared Somali identity nor Islamic faith could moderate the scorched earth policy of the regime against them, culminating in the destruction of cities and systematic mass murder.
From 1960, the Isaaq were disillusioned with the voluntary union with Somalia. The attempted coup of Sandhurst-trained officers in 1962 was an early indicator of this disillusionment. Popular songs and poems of the time also underscored disillusionment with the union. That a majority of the Isaaq did not vote for the referendum on the union in 1964 was another signal of disillusionment with the union. But that signal was ignored