Somalia Genetics.

[X.Playa]

Somali genetics.
July 30, 2008 ·

High frequencies of Y chromosome lineages characterized by E3b1, DYS19-11, DYS392-12 in Somali males
We genotyped 45 biallelic markers and 11 STR systems on the Y chromosome in 201 male Somalis. In addition, 65 sub-Saharan Western Africans, 59 Turks and 64 Iraqis were typed for the biallelic Y chromosome markers. In Somalis, 14 Y chromosome haplogroups were identified including E3b1 (77.6%) and K2 (10.4%).The haplogroup E3b1 with the rare DYS19-11 allele (also called the E3b1 cluster ) was found in 75.1% of male Somalis, and 70.6% of Somali Y chromosomes were E3b1, DYS19-11, DYS392-12, DYS437-14, DYS438-11 and DYS393-13. The haplotype diversity of eight Y-STRs (‘minimal haplotype’) was 0.9575 compared to an average of 0.9974 and 0.9996 in European and Asian populations. In sub-Saharan Western Africans, only four haplogroups were identified. The West African clade E3a was found in 89.2% of the samples and the haplogroup E3b1 was not observed. In Turks, 12 haplogroups were found including J2*(xJ2f2) (27.1%), R1b3*(xR1b3d, R1b3f) (20.3%), E3b3 and R1a1*(xR1a1b) (both 11.9%). In Iraqis, 12 haplogroups were identified including J2*(xJ2f2) (29.7%) and J*(xJ2) (26.6%). The data suggest that the male Somali population is a branch of the East African population – closely related to the Oromos in Ethiopia and North Kenya – with predominant E3b1 cluster lineages that were introduced into the Somali population 4000–5000 years ago, and that the Somali male population has approximately 15% Y chromosomes from Eurasia and approximately 5% from sub-Saharan Africa.

And a little extra detail…

In Somali males, 14 haplogroups were identified. The frequency of the clade E3b was 81.1%, including 77.6% of the haplogroup E3b1 defined by the M78 mutation. The Eurasian haplogroup K2 was found in 10.4%, and 3.0% of the Somali Y chromosomes belonged to the major clade J. Only 3.0% of the Somalis had the sub-Saharan African haplogroups A3, B and E3a*(xE3a4). Less than 2.0% of the Somalis belonged to the Northwest African E3b2 lineage. In the present study, no individual belonging to E3b* chromosomes carried the V6 mutation, which identifies a subset of chromosomes assigned to E3b* (E-M35



Mt DNA info on Somalia.
Analysis of mtDNA HVRII in several human populations using an immobilised SSO probe
hybridisation assay Our Somali sample presents features that clearly locate it close to the African samples, but European features are also evident…. For a simple approach to measure the Caucasoid influence in East Africa, the triangle method described by Cavalli-Sforza et al was used to compute the proportion of admixture from the genetic distance matrix. Taking the British as a representative Caucasoid sample and the Mandenka as a sub-Saharan population, the proportion m of caucasoid lineages in the Somali is m = 0.46. (46%) This value is similar to the estimate based on autosomal studies (m = 0.40), and clearly higher than the estimates for the mtDNA found in Ethiopians 1 (m = 0.05–0.27).The autosomal studies show that as a whole Somalis are about 40% Eurasian, which is about the same as Ethiopians. The maternal DNA is about 20% M1.

This shows a population movement from the Egypt/Nubia area to Somalia starting about 24,000 years ago.The M78 mutation (y chromosome) that is present in East Africans occurred in North East Africa, not East Africa, and it occurred in a mixed Eurasian/African population.This expansion was most likely from the Lower Nubia area, and might explain why Somalis show some similarities to the ancient upper Egyptians (Badarians); as their ancestry comes fromthe same region, and they are less influenced by later migrations from Arabia and west Africa. The hg’s involved ( M78/E3b1 and M1/M1a) are shown below, showing a clear focus and origin in Southern modern Egypt (Lower Nubia), expanding into Somalia .



Diagram; “Clines and Clusters Versus Race“, C. Loring Brace. Showing skull similarities in Somalians and predynastic upper Egyptians (lower Egyptians are much more like modern North Africans). The PD Upper Egyptians are just outside the range of modern North Africans, and Somalians show a fairly close relationship to them; unsurprisingly, as a fairly large portion of Somali ancestry seems to come from the Upper Egypt/Nubia area.

[Twisted_Logic]

Do you have the original source, bro?

[X.Playa]

http://mathildasanthropologyblog.wordpr ... ome-study/

[Twisted_Logic]

Thanks, much

[Cirwaaq]

24,000 years ago interesting... The journey began south east from the southern egypt until they reached a point where they could no longer continue and the indian ocean finally ended their migration.

...until Qaxonti migrations began.

The travellers africa's own gypsies

[X.Playa]

Twisted,

The reason I left out the link to the blog, will become obvious when you see stupid somalis comming into the debate with idiotic lines like " oh my name is Zaynab , i always had a light skinne and was confused balaa balaa balaa" something which is not at all relevant.

The owner of the blog Mathilda is very savy in cheery picking , despite the fact that all scentific papers and archeological evidence point the to the same origin of M-78 V-12 somali sub clades and the Egptians she still argues that Punt was located in the middle east and not somali because the people depicted in the Egptian drawings don't look like black africans??? if you look at the depiction she is talking about there is virtually no difference between the Egptians and the Puntites.

Instead of engaging these conteradictions stupid somalis come up with usless question like " are we and the Oromo the same" .

[Cirwaaq]

X.Playa

Remember not all somalis have the same lineage some are indeed of Oromo stock while others are bantu/somali or somali/carab hyprids.

Hence why you will get everyone reinforcing their own truth.

[X.Playa]

Not at all, The oromo that share the somali markers are extension of ancient Somalis that through the centuries adopted Oromo culture. If you look at studies done on Oromo DNA only minorities among them have the somali markers.

[bareento]

There is no Somali marker;
there is a marker shared by many people in the horn with varying percentage...
If it should be named after a tribe, it should be called the Borana Gene as more than 90 % of Boranas share it.
Wat is striking in Somali gene pool is the homogeneity
although Boranas are far more homogeneous

B.

[Cirwaaq]

There is no Somali marker;
there is a marker shared by many people in the horn with varying percentage...
If it should be named after a tribe, it should be called the Borana Gene as more than 90 % of Boranas share it.
Wat is striking in Somali gene pool is the homogeneity
although Boranas are far more homogeneous

B.

That has to do with who we share a border with, the Lands that hold a purer somali gene pool are isolated.

NFD, Ogadeen have served as buffer zones where as the Oromo have many borders with non Oromo hence the diversity.

[X.Playa]

M78-V12 can be called a Somali marker since somalis outnumber the Borano by 20-1 , one should name things where they are plenty not small, Borano are extension of somalis not the other way around. These small minor tribes such as Borano and Rendiile were part of the somali population some centuries ago. When i say M78 that particular man who passed his mutation lived 10k years ago , the next mutation which is V12 lived just some 5k years ago a very recent period.

[bareento]

M78-V12 can be called a Somali marker since somalis outnumber the Borano by 20-1 , one should name things where they are plenty not small, Borano are extension of somalis not the other way around. These small minor tribes such as Borano and Rendiile were part of the somali population some centuries ago. When i say M78 that particular man who passed his mutation lived 10k years ago , the next mutation which is V12 lived just some 5k years ago a very recent period.

Woow Woow My dear friend X Playa,

I am not in gene claiming business
I am not claiming, or name calling tribes...
I am interested in that regions history, genetic make up and geography as a whole
I do not need genetics to know who I am

B.

[X.Playa]

I don't care what you need sxb , but when you make a plunder you will be corrected,.

[bareento]

Claiming a gene

X playa, je vous provoque en duel sur le nom de ce gene.
Le choix des armes est à vous

J'ai parlé!

B.

[X.Playa]

you sure sound like your nickname.