Polygamy!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

[The Law26]

What Islam allows about polygamy and what most Somali polygamists do are two different things. There is NOTHING in the Quran and NOTHING in the Prophet's sunnah that allows plural marriage outside of the conditions described in ayat 4:3:

If ye fear that ye shall not be able to deal justly with the orphans, Marry women of your choice, Two or three or four; but if ye fear that ye shall not be able to deal justly (with them), then only one, or (a captive) that your right hands possess, that will be more suitable, to prevent you from doing injustice.

The pracice of polygamy is limited to the guardians of unaffiliated women who need protection. It is for the purpose of protecting the property of dependent women's and the rights of dependent women. It is not a right for men, for their sexual gratification.

The verses were revealed after the Battle of Uhud when many women were left alone due to the deaths of their protectors, husbands, fathers, in battle, and was intended as a welfare system of the time. It's part of a surah Al Nisa, that lays down law for doing justice to those over whom you have power, and those who are oppressed and vulnerable.

Allah clarifies His intent in Al Nisa:

[4:127] They ask thy instruction concerning the women say: God doth instruct you about them: And (remember) what hath been rehearsed unto you in the Book, concerning the orphans of women to whom ye give not the portions prescribed, and yet whom ye desire to marry, as also concerning the children who are weak and oppressed: that ye stand firm for justice to orphans. There is not a good deed which ye do, but God is well-acquainted therewith.

[4:129] Ye are never able to be fair and just as between women, even if it is your ardent desire: But turn not away (from a woman) altogether, so as to leave her (as it were) hanging (in the air). If ye come to a friendly understanding, and practise self- restraint, God is Oft-forgiving, Most Merciful.

Allah has promised a harsh punishment for those who fail to follow his instructions and don't do justice under his directives. There is nothing in the Quran allowing men to treat women as collectables as long as they can be subjectively fair.

Islam is a wonderful faith that instructs men to "marry just one" to ensure justice. Doing justice is a basic tenent in Islam and this surah emphasizes it greatly. Those who ignore the limits will be punished, Allah SWT says. More Muslim nations are limiting or outlawing the practice, not just the west. They have reaped the social disorder and problems that arise when you disobey Allah SWT.

Ignorance is no excuse because another of Allah SWT's directives is for us to study and learn our faith. Any Muslim that tells you that Muslim men have a "right" to plural marriages is ignorant of Islam and is following other Muslims, not Allah SWT.

[The Law26]

Just picking it up for discussion.

[Intruder]

Polygamy is unnatural; those who practice it are no different than animals who fornicate indiscriminately including with their offsprings and siblings. It’s unnatural to acquier more than one lover out of time. Western culture is criticized often by Muslims for being sexually promiscuous but Muslim men are just the same, the only different is they slap the religious seal of stamp blessing on it. What’s worse is how Muslim women have been coerced and brained washed into accepting the Muslim man’s promiscuous life style while Muslim women are suppose to remain monogamous and accept it and take it up in the wickets missionary style while being submissive under the Banner of Islam.

[Steeler [Crawler2]]

Polygamy is the one part about Islam that I really like.

[FULL_MOON]

[quote="Intruder"]Polygamy is unnatural; those who practice it are no different than animals who fornicate indiscriminately including with their offsprings and siblings. It’s unnatural to acquier more than one lover out of time. Western culture is criticized often by Muslims for being sexually promiscuous but Muslim men are just the same, the only different is they slap the religious seal of stamp blessing on it. What’s worse is how Muslim women have been coerced and brained washed into accepting the Muslim man’s promiscuous life style while Muslim women are suppose to remain monogamous and accept it and take it up in the wickets missionary style while being submissive under the Banner of Islam.[/quote]

The principles of Islam has allowed a man to marry more than one wife, because of social and domestic problems, which a family is confronted with at some point or time. Many are the times when the welfare of the couple depends upon the husband marrying another wife. Thus being said, it's sort of better that way. And you comparing that type of matter to Animals is abhorrently wrong. If your speaking from an American females point of view, than yes, it's meant for her to stay monogamous. But in the plains and cities of Somalia, 4 wifes is the best deal you'll get saxiib.
.
.
بارك, جعله مقدس, رسم إشار

[AMAT-ALLAH]

Intruder

I assume 'you' see yourself as a true honourable Isaaq nobleman(although thats debatable), so what do you say to all your extended kin, and their parents-and their parents-and their parents--generally every forefarther that carried your tribe through history who practiced polygamy? Are they too 'animals' and their offsprings which would ultimatly place you in that repitorie. Man you are a stupid old illtarate man hiding behind his qolo(that means tribe btw, i know i should be sensitive to illerates). So keep frying your roast steak on that favourite Geroge Forman grill machine, when back home we'll be making one fine hilib shiilan on a rusty digsi--you reject foqol reject! Uff---ive never come across a nacas like you in my life!

[Mochatanya]

Law,

Interesting article. This clarification is necessary. One too many times, a man realises his wife isn't that crash hot after 9 kids, and he is off to the Middle East/Somalia to find a young bride, for his own selfish desires. And too many times, right here in Australia, there are Arab/Somali men who pick innocent Australian converts, convincing them it is a great Sunnah to marry more than one. And yes, many times they are left behind, without rights.

And yes, these are the men who claim they are closest to following the Sunnah. What a shame.

[Intruder]

[quote="AMAT-ALLAH"]Intruder

I assume 'you' see yourself as a true honourable Isaaq nobleman(although thats debatable), so what do you say to all your extended kin, and their parents-and their parents-and their parents--generally every forefarther that carried your tribe through history who practiced polygamy? Are they too 'animals' and their offsprings which would ultimatly place you in that repitorie. Man you are a stupid old illtarate man hiding behind his qolo(that means tribe btw, i know i should be sensitive to illerates). So keep frying your roast steak on that favourite Geroge Forman grill machine, when back home we'll be making one fine hilib shiilan on a rusty digsi--you reject foqol reject! Uff---ive never come across a nacas like you in my life! [/quote]
*
*
*
*
AMAT-ALLAH,
I am not my brother's keeper.
And little girl do not try hard to stroke my dickhead with insults, as you might just get me excited enough to spray smack you with my noble juice.

[AMAT-ALLAH]

Is that all you came up with? Old man orod seexo hurdo ba ku hayah

[Mowhawk]

2 wives, man that is a tough one, hey I need to practice how to deal with one woman. The problem is that many rush to marriage because of their sexual apetite. Also, it is a welfare mechanism and an elevated patriachal social status to have multiple wives many many kids. No one consider to look at the conditions of polygamy before the marriages and no one discourages it.

[Copy.&.Paste]

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[Lacageylacag]

Somalia - History

Somalia was formed by a merger of two former colonial territories: British Somaliland, in the north, and its larger and more populous neighbour, Italian Somaliland.

The United Kingdom established a protectorate in British Somaliland in 1886, following the withdrawal of Egyptian garrisons from the area. Italian Somaliland originated in 1889, when Italy concluded agreements with two local rulers, who placed their territories under Italian protection.

Italy´s occupation of the region was extended along the coast and inland, and Italian control was completed in 1927. Accordingly, the union of former British and Italian Somaliland took effect on 1 July 1960, when the independent Somali Republic was proclaimed.

On the same day representatives of the two component territories elected Dr Aden Abdullah Osman, hitherto President of the Somalia Legislative Assembly (the legislature of the southern territory), to be the first President of the new Republic.

During 1991 Somalia was riven by battles for territory between armed groups, mostly divided along clan lines.
By contrast, Somaliland enjoyed several months of relative peace and stability following its declaration of independence, and work began, with the assistance of non-governmental aid organizations, on rebuilding the territory´s infrastructure.

"Somaliland", however, was not recognized as an independent state by the international community, and consequently did not receive the substantial financial aid that its economy required. Sub-clan rivalries within the Isaaq clan, to which the majority of the population in "'Somaliland" belong, emerged in December, when an armed group opposing the SNM took control of the port of Berbera.

Forces of the SNM recaptured the port, but in January 1992 fighting between rival factions within the army was reported in Burao. In March serious fighting resumed in Berbera. President immed Ali ´Tur´ dispatched forces of his own sub-clan, the Habr Yunis, to wrest control of the port from the Issa Musa sub-clan.

Six months of hostilities ensued in Berbera and the town of Burao. In October peace talks were initiated by elders of the sub-clans concerned, which resulted in a cessation of the conflict. The SNM Government was also threatened by non-Isaaq ethnic groups within the borders of "Somaliland" who opposed the secession of the territory. Islamic fundamentalist groups, which were funded by Sudan and Iran, also presented a threat to security.

In January 1992 the UN imposed an embargo on the sale of (armaments to Somalia. In the following month the UN, OAU, the the Arab League and the OIC issued a joint appeal for a cease-fire, stating that it was a prerequisite for the granting of humanitarian aid to Somalia.

Representatives from the rival factions in Mogadishu subsequently joined the conference, and agreed to the terms of a cease-fire accord devised by the international organizations.

In March, in discussions with a joint mission of the UN, the OAU, the OIC and the Arab League in Mogadishu, Gen. Aidid agreed to some form of monitoring of the cease-fire by a foreign observer mission: The terms of the cease-fire accord signed by both Gen.

Aidid and Ali Mahdi provided for a visit, in late March, by a UN technical team, to survey the situation in Mogadishu, in advance of an unarmed observer mission which was to be dispatched to monitor violations of the accord.

Home page Arab Info Somalia Info Somalia Government Links to Somalia



Comments or suggestions? E-mail webmaster@arab.de
Copyright © 1998 -1999 Arabic German Consulting

Somalia - History

Somalia was formed by a merger of two former colonial territories: British Somaliland, in the north, and its larger and more populous neighbour, Italian Somaliland.

The United Kingdom established a protectorate in British Somaliland in 1886, following the withdrawal of Egyptian garrisons from the area. Italian Somaliland originated in 1889, when Italy concluded agreements with two local rulers, who placed their territories under Italian protection.

Italy´s occupation of the region was extended along the coast and inland, and Italian control was completed in 1927. Accordingly, the union of former British and Italian Somaliland took effect on 1 July 1960, when the independent Somali Republic was proclaimed.

On the same day representatives of the two component territories elected Dr Aden Abdullah Osman, hitherto President of the Somalia Legislative Assembly (the legislature of the southern territory), to be the first President of the new Republic.

During 1991 Somalia was riven by battles for territory between armed groups, mostly divided along clan lines.
By contrast, Somaliland enjoyed several months of relative peace and stability following its declaration of independence, and work began, with the assistance of non-governmental aid organizations, on rebuilding the territory´s infrastructure.

"Somaliland", however, was not recognized as an independent state by the international community, and consequently did not receive the substantial financial aid that its economy required. Sub-clan rivalries within the Isaaq clan, to which the majority of the population in "'Somaliland" belong, emerged in December, when an armed group opposing the SNM took control of the port of Berbera.

Forces of the SNM recaptured the port, but in January 1992 fighting between rival factions within the army was reported in Burao. In March serious fighting resumed in Berbera. President immed Ali ´Tur´ dispatched forces of his own sub-clan, the Habr Yunis, to wrest control of the port from the Issa Musa sub-clan.

Six months of hostilities ensued in Berbera and the town of Burao. In October peace talks were initiated by elders of the sub-clans concerned, which resulted in a cessation of the conflict. The SNM Government was also threatened by non-Isaaq ethnic groups within the borders of "Somaliland" who opposed the secession of the territory. Islamic fundamentalist groups, which were funded by Sudan and Iran, also presented a threat to security.

In January 1992 the UN imposed an embargo on the sale of (armaments to Somalia. In the following month the UN, OAU, the the Arab League and the OIC issued a joint appeal for a cease-fire, stating that it was a prerequisite for the granting of humanitarian aid to Somalia.

Representatives from the rival factions in Mogadishu subsequently joined the conference, and agreed to the terms of a cease-fire accord devised by the international organizations.

In March, in discussions with a joint mission of the UN, the OAU, the OIC and the Arab League in Mogadishu, Gen. Aidid agreed to some form of monitoring of the cease-fire by a foreign observer mission: The terms of the cease-fire accord signed by both Gen.

Aidid and Ali Mahdi provided for a visit, in late March, by a UN technical team, to survey the situation in Mogadishu, in advance of an unarmed observer mission which was to be dispatched to monitor violations of the accord.

Home page Arab Info Somalia Info Somalia Government Links to Somalia



Comments or suggestions? E-mail webmaster@arab.de
Copyright © 1998 -1999 Arabic German Consulting

Somalia - History

Somalia was formed by a merger of two former colonial territories: British Somaliland, in the north, and its larger and more populous neighbour, Italian Somaliland.

The United Kingdom established a protectorate in British Somaliland in 1886, following the withdrawal of Egyptian garrisons from the area. Italian Somaliland originated in 1889, when Italy concluded agreements with two local rulers, who placed their territories under Italian protection.

Italy´s occupation of the region was extended along the coast and inland, and Italian control was completed in 1927. Accordingly, the union of former British and Italian Somaliland took effect on 1 July 1960, when the independent Somali Republic was proclaimed.

On the same day representatives of the two component territories elected Dr Aden Abdullah Osman, hitherto President of the Somalia Legislative Assembly (the legislature of the southern territory), to be the first President of the new Republic.

During 1991 Somalia was riven by battles for territory between armed groups, mostly divided along clan lines.
By contrast, Somaliland enjoyed several months of relative peace and stability following its declaration of independence, and work began, with the assistance of non-governmental aid organizations, on rebuilding the territory´s infrastructure.

"Somaliland", however, was not recognized as an independent state by the international community, and consequently did not receive the substantial financial aid that its economy required. Sub-clan rivalries within the Isaaq clan, to which the majority of the population in "'Somaliland" belong, emerged in December, when an armed group opposing the SNM took control of the port of Berbera.

Forces of the SNM recaptured the port, but in January 1992 fighting between rival factions within the army was reported in Burao. In March serious fighting resumed in Berbera. President immed Ali ´Tur´ dispatched forces of his own sub-clan, the Habr Yunis, to wrest control of the port from the Issa Musa sub-clan.

Six months of hostilities ensued in Berbera and the town of Burao. In October peace talks were initiated by elders of the sub-clans concerned, which resulted in a cessation of the conflict. The SNM Government was also threatened by non-Isaaq ethnic groups within the borders of "Somaliland" who opposed the secession of the territory. Islamic fundamentalist groups, which were funded by Sudan and Iran, also presented a threat to security.

In January 1992 the UN imposed an embargo on the sale of (armaments to Somalia. In the following month the UN, OAU, the the Arab League and the OIC issued a joint appeal for a cease-fire, stating that it was a prerequisite for the granting of humanitarian aid to Somalia.

Representatives from the rival factions in Mogadishu subsequently joined the conference, and agreed to the terms of a cease-fire accord devised by the international organizations.

In March, in discussions with a joint mission of the UN, the OAU, the OIC and the Arab League in Mogadishu, Gen. Aidid agreed to some form of monitoring of the cease-fire by a foreign observer mission: The terms of the cease-fire accord signed by both Gen.

Aidid and Ali Mahdi provided for a visit, in late March, by a UN technical team, to survey the situation in Mogadishu, in advance of an unarmed observer mission which was to be dispatched to monitor violations of the accord.

Home page Arab Info Somalia Info Somalia Government Links to Somalia



Comments or suggestions? E-mail webmaster@arab.de
Copyright © 1998 -1999 Arabic German Consulting

Somalia - History

Somalia was formed by a merger of two former colonial territories: British Somaliland, in the north, and its larger and more populous neighbour, Italian Somaliland.

The United Kingdom established a protectorate in British Somaliland in 1886, following the withdrawal of Egyptian garrisons from the area. Italian Somaliland originated in 1889, when Italy concluded agreements with two local rulers, who placed their territories under Italian protection.

Italy´s occupation of the region was extended along the coast and inland, and Italian control was completed in 1927. Accordingly, the union of former British and Italian Somaliland took effect on 1 July 1960, when the independent Somali Republic was proclaimed.

On the same day representatives of the two component territories elected Dr Aden Abdullah Osman, hitherto President of the Somalia Legislative Assembly (the legislature of the southern territory), to be the first President of the new Republic.

During 1991 Somalia was riven by battles for territory between armed groups, mostly divided along clan lines.
By contrast, Somaliland enjoyed several months of relative peace and stability following its declaration of independence, and work began, with the assistance of non-governmental aid organizations, on rebuilding the territory´s infrastructure.

"Somaliland", however, was not recognized as an independent state by the international community, and consequently did not receive the substantial financial aid that its economy required. Sub-clan rivalries within the Isaaq clan, to which the majority of the population in "'Somaliland" belong, emerged in December, when an armed group opposing the SNM took control of the port of Berbera.

Forces of the SNM recaptured the port, but in January 1992 fighting between rival factions within the army was reported in Burao. In March serious fighting resumed in Berbera. President immed Ali ´Tur´ dispatched forces of his own sub-clan, the Habr Yunis, to wrest control of the port from the Issa Musa sub-clan.

Six months of hostilities ensued in Berbera and the town of Burao. In October peace talks were initiated by elders of the sub-clans concerned, which resulted in a cessation of the conflict. The SNM Government was also threatened by non-Isaaq ethnic groups within the borders of "Somaliland" who opposed the secession of the territory. Islamic fundamentalist groups, which were funded by Sudan and Iran, also presented a threat to security.

In January 1992 the UN imposed an embargo on the sale of (armaments to Somalia. In the following month the UN, OAU, the the Arab League and the OIC issued a joint appeal for a cease-fire, stating that it was a prerequisite for the granting of humanitarian aid to Somalia.

Representatives from the rival factions in Mogadishu subsequently joined the conference, and agreed to the terms of a cease-fire accord devised by the international organizations.

In March, in discussions with a joint mission of the UN, the OAU, the OIC and the Arab League in Mogadishu, Gen. Aidid agreed to some form of monitoring of the cease-fire by a foreign observer mission: The terms of the cease-fire accord signed by both Gen.

Aidid and Ali Mahdi provided for a visit, in late March, by a UN technical team, to survey the situation in Mogadishu, in advance of an unarmed observer mission which was to be dispatched to monitor violations of the accord.

Home page Arab Info Somalia Info Somalia Government Links to Somalia



Comments or suggestions? E-mail webmaster@arab.de
Copyright © 1998 -1999 Arabic German Consulting

Somalia - History

Somalia was formed by a merger of two former colonial territories: British Somaliland, in the north, and its larger and more populous neighbour, Italian Somaliland.

The United Kingdom established a protectorate in British Somaliland in 1886, following the withdrawal of Egyptian garrisons from the area. Italian Somaliland originated in 1889, when Italy concluded agreements with two local rulers, who placed their territories under Italian protection.

Italy´s occupation of the region was extended along the coast and inland, and Italian control was completed in 1927. Accordingly, the union of former British and Italian Somaliland took effect on 1 July 1960, when the independent Somali Republic was proclaimed.

On the same day representatives of the two component territories elected Dr Aden Abdullah Osman, hitherto President of the Somalia Legislative Assembly (the legislature of the southern territory), to be the first President of the new Republic.

During 1991 Somalia was riven by battles for territory between armed groups, mostly divided along clan lines.
By contrast, Somaliland enjoyed several months of relative peace and stability following its declaration of independence, and work began, with the assistance of non-governmental aid organizations, on rebuilding the territory´s infrastructure.

"Somaliland", however, was not recognized as an independent state by the international community, and consequently did not receive the substantial financial aid that its economy required. Sub-clan rivalries within the Isaaq clan, to which the majority of the population in "'Somaliland" belong, emerged in December, when an armed group opposing the SNM took control of the port of Berbera.

Forces of the SNM recaptured the port, but in January 1992 fighting between rival factions within the army was reported in Burao. In March serious fighting resumed in Berbera. President immed Ali ´Tur´ dispatched forces of his own sub-clan, the Habr Yunis, to wrest control of the port from the Issa Musa sub-clan.

Six months of hostilities ensued in Berbera and the town of Burao. In October peace talks were initiated by elders of the sub-clans concerned, which resulted in a cessation of the conflict. The SNM Government was also threatened by non-Isaaq ethnic groups within the borders of "Somaliland" who opposed the secession of the territory. Islamic fundamentalist groups, which were funded by Sudan and Iran, also presented a threat to security.

In January 1992 the UN imposed an embargo on the sale of (armaments to Somalia. In the following month the UN, OAU, the the Arab League and the OIC issued a joint appeal for a cease-fire, stating that it was a prerequisite for the granting of humanitarian aid to Somalia.

Representatives from the rival factions in Mogadishu subsequently joined the conference, and agreed to the terms of a cease-fire accord devised by the international organizations.

In March, in discussions with a joint mission of the UN, the OAU, the OIC and the Arab League in Mogadishu, Gen. Aidid agreed to some form of monitoring of the cease-fire by a foreign observer mission: The terms of the cease-fire accord signed by both Gen.

Aidid and Ali Mahdi provided for a visit, in late March, by a UN technical team, to survey the situation in Mogadishu, in advance of an unarmed observer mission which was to be dispatched to monitor violations of the accord.

Home page Arab Info Somalia Info Somalia Government Links to Somalia



Comments or suggestions? E-mail webmaster@arab.de
Copyright © 1998 -1999 Arabic German Consulting

Somalia - History

Somalia was formed by a merger of two former colonial territories: British Somaliland, in the north, and its larger and more populous neighbour, Italian Somaliland.

The United Kingdom established a protectorate in British Somaliland in 1886, following the withdrawal of Egyptian garrisons from the area. Italian Somaliland originated in 1889, when Italy concluded agreements with two local rulers, who placed their territories under Italian protection.

Italy´s occupation of the region was extended along the coast and inland, and Italian control was completed in 1927. Accordingly, the union of former British and Italian Somaliland took effect on 1 July 1960, when the independent Somali Republic was proclaimed.

On the same day representatives of the two component territories elected Dr Aden Abdullah Osman, hitherto President of the Somalia Legislative Assembly (the legislature of the southern territory), to be the first President of the new Republic.

During 1991 Somalia was riven by battles for territory between armed groups, mostly divided along clan lines.
By contrast, Somaliland enjoyed several months of relative peace and stability following its declaration of independence, and work began, with the assistance of non-governmental aid organizations, on rebuilding the territory´s infrastructure.

"Somaliland", however, was not recognized as an independent state by the international community, and consequently did not receive the substantial financial aid that its economy required. Sub-clan rivalries within the Isaaq clan, to which the majority of the population in "'Somaliland" belong, emerged in December, when an armed group opposing the SNM took control of the port of Berbera.

Forces of the SNM recaptured the port, but in January 1992 fighting between rival factions within the army was reported in Burao. In March serious fighting resumed in Berbera. President immed Ali ´Tur´ dispatched forces of his own sub-clan, the Habr Yunis, to wrest control of the port from the Issa Musa sub-clan.

Six months of hostilities ensued in Berbera and the town of Burao. In October peace talks were initiated by elders of the sub-clans concerned, which resulted in a cessation of the conflict. The SNM Government was also threatened by non-Isaaq ethnic groups within the borders of "Somaliland" who opposed the secession of the territory. Islamic fundamentalist groups, which were funded by Sudan and Iran, also presented a threat to security.

In January 1992 the UN imposed an embargo on the sale of (armaments to Somalia. In the following month the UN, OAU, the the Arab League and the OIC issued a joint appeal for a cease-fire, stating that it was a prerequisite for the granting of humanitarian aid to Somalia.

Representatives from the rival factions in Mogadishu subsequently joined the conference, and agreed to the terms of a cease-fire accord devised by the international organizations.

In March, in discussions with a joint mission of the UN, the OAU, the OIC and the Arab League in Mogadishu, Gen. Aidid agreed to some form of monitoring of the cease-fire by a foreign observer mission: The terms of the cease-fire accord signed by both Gen.

Aidid and Ali Mahdi provided for a visit, in late March, by a UN technical team, to survey the situation in Mogadishu, in advance of an unarmed observer mission which was to be dispatched to monitor violations of the accord.

Home page Arab Info Somalia Info Somalia Government Links to Somalia



Comments or suggestions? E-mail webmaster@arab.de
Copyright © 1998 -1999 Arabic German Consulting

Somalia - History

Somalia was formed by a merger of two former colonial territories: British Somaliland, in the north, and its larger and more populous neighbour, Italian Somaliland.

The United Kingdom established a protectorate in British Somaliland in 1886, following the withdrawal of Egyptian garrisons from the area. Italian Somaliland originated in 1889, when Italy concluded agreements with two local rulers, who placed their territories under Italian protection.

Italy´s occupation of the region was extended along the coast and inland, and Italian control was completed in 1927. Accordingly, the union of former British and Italian Somaliland took effect on 1 July 1960, when the independent Somali Republic was proclaimed.

On the same day representatives of the two component territories elected Dr Aden Abdullah Osman, hitherto President of the Somalia Legislative Assembly (the legislature of the southern territory), to be the first President of the new Republic.

During 1991 Somalia was riven by battles for territory between armed groups, mostly divided along clan lines.
By contrast, Somaliland enjoyed several months of relative peace and stability following its declaration of independence, and work began, with the assistance of non-governmental aid organizations, on rebuilding the territory´s infrastructure.

"Somaliland", however, was not recognized as an independent state by the international community, and consequently did not receive the substantial financial aid that its economy required. Sub-clan rivalries within the Isaaq clan, to which the majority of the population in "'Somaliland" belong, emerged in December, when an armed group opposing the SNM took control of the port of Berbera.

Forces of the SNM recaptured the port, but in January 1992 fighting between rival factions within the army was reported in Burao. In March serious fighting resumed in Berbera. President immed Ali ´Tur´ dispatched forces of his own sub-clan, the Habr Yunis, to wrest control of the port from the Issa Musa sub-clan.

Six months of hostilities ensued in Berbera and the town of Burao. In October peace talks were initiated by elders of the sub-clans concerned, which resulted in a cessation of the conflict. The SNM Government was also threatened by non-Isaaq ethnic groups within the borders of "Somaliland" who opposed the secession of the territory. Islamic fundamentalist groups, which were funded by Sudan and Iran, also presented a threat to security.

In January 1992 the UN imposed an embargo on the sale of (armaments to Somalia. In the following month the UN, OAU, the the Arab League and the OIC issued a joint appeal for a cease-fire, stating that it was a prerequisite for the granting of humanitarian aid to Somalia.

Representatives from the rival factions in Mogadishu subsequently joined the conference, and agreed to the terms of a cease-fire accord devised by the international organizations.

In March, in discussions with a joint mission of the UN, the OAU, the OIC and the Arab League in Mogadishu, Gen. Aidid agreed to some form of monitoring of the cease-fire by a foreign observer mission: The terms of the cease-fire accord signed by both Gen.

Aidid and Ali Mahdi provided for a visit, in late March, by a UN technical team, to survey the situation in Mogadishu, in advance of an unarmed observer mission which was to be dispatched to monitor violations of the accord.

Home page Arab Info Somalia Info Somalia Government Links to Somalia



Comments or suggestions? E-mail webmaster@arab.de
Copyright © 1998 -1999 Arabic German Consulting

Somalia - History

Somalia was formed by a merger of two former colonial territories: British Somaliland, in the north, and its larger and more populous neighbour, Italian Somaliland.

The United Kingdom established a protectorate in British Somaliland in 1886, following the withdrawal of Egyptian garrisons from the area. Italian Somaliland originated in 1889, when Italy concluded agreements with two local rulers, who placed their territories under Italian protection.

Italy´s occupation of the region was extended along the coast and inland, and Italian control was completed in 1927. Accordingly, the union of former British and Italian Somaliland took effect on 1 July 1960, when the independent Somali Republic was proclaimed.

On the same day representatives of the two component territories elected Dr Aden Abdullah Osman, hitherto President of the Somalia Legislative Assembly (the legislature of the southern territory), to be the first President of the new Republic.

During 1991 Somalia was riven by battles for territory between armed groups, mostly divided along clan lines.
By contrast, Somaliland enjoyed several months of relative peace and stability following its declaration of independence, and work began, with the assistance of non-governmental aid organizations, on rebuilding the territory´s infrastructure.

"Somaliland", however, was not recognized as an independent state by the international community, and consequently did not receive the substantial financial aid that its economy required. Sub-clan rivalries within the Isaaq clan, to which the majority of the population in "'Somaliland" belong, emerged in December, when an armed group opposing the SNM took control of the port of Berbera.

Forces of the SNM recaptured the port, but in January 1992 fighting between rival factions within the army was reported in Burao. In March serious fighting resumed in Berbera. President immed Ali ´Tur´ dispatched forces of his own sub-clan, the Habr Yunis, to wrest control of the port from the Issa Musa sub-clan.

Six months of hostilities ensued in Berbera and the town of Burao. In October peace talks were initiated by elders of the sub-clans concerned, which resulted in a cessation of the conflict. The SNM Government was also threatened by non-Isaaq ethnic groups within the borders of "Somaliland" who opposed the secession of the territory. Islamic fundamentalist groups, which were funded by Sudan and Iran, also presented a threat to security.

In January 1992 the UN imposed an embargo on the sale of (armaments to Somalia. In the following month the UN, OAU, the the Arab League and the OIC issued a joint appeal for a cease-fire, stating that it was a prerequisite for the granting of humanitarian aid to Somalia.

Representatives from the rival factions in Mogadishu subsequently joined the conference, and agreed to the terms of a cease-fire accord devised by the international organizations.

In March, in discussions with a joint mission of the UN, the OAU, the OIC and the Arab League in Mogadishu, Gen. Aidid agreed to some form of monitoring of the cease-fire by a foreign observer mission: The terms of the cease-fire accord signed by both Gen.

Aidid and Ali Mahdi provided for a visit, in late March, by a UN technical team, to survey the situation in Mogadishu, in advance of an unarmed observer mission which was to be dispatched to monitor violations of the accord.

Home page Arab Info Somalia Info Somalia Government Links to Somalia



Comments or suggestions? E-mail webmaster@arab.de
Copyright © 1998 -1999 Arabic German Consulting

Somalia - History

Somalia was formed by a merger of two former colonial territories: British Somaliland, in the north, and its larger and more populous neighbour, Italian Somaliland.

The United Kingdom established a protectorate in British Somaliland in 1886, following the withdrawal of Egyptian garrisons from the area. Italian Somaliland originated in 1889, when Italy concluded agreements with two local rulers, who placed their territories under Italian protection.

Italy´s occupation of the region was extended along the coast and inland, and Italian control was completed in 1927. Accordingly, the union of former British and Italian Somaliland took effect on 1 July 1960, when the independent Somali Republic was proclaimed.

On the same day representatives of the two component territories elected Dr Aden Abdullah Osman, hitherto President of the Somalia Legislative Assembly (the legislature of the southern territory), to be the first President of the new Republic.

During 1991 Somalia was riven by battles for territory between armed groups, mostly divided along clan lines.
By contrast, Somaliland enjoyed several months of relative peace and stability following its declaration of independence, and work began, with the assistance of non-governmental aid organizations, on rebuilding the territory´s infrastructure.

"Somaliland", however, was not recognized as an independent state by the international community, and consequently did not receive the substantial financial aid that its economy required. Sub-clan rivalries within the Isaaq clan, to which the majority of the population in "'Somaliland" belong, emerged in December, when an armed group opposing the SNM took control of the port of Berbera.

Forces of the SNM recaptured the port, but in January 1992 fighting between rival factions within the army was reported in Burao. In March serious fighting resumed in Berbera. President immed Ali ´Tur´ dispatched forces of his own sub-clan, the Habr Yunis, to wrest control of the port from the Issa Musa sub-clan.

Six months of hostilities ensued in Berbera and the town of Burao. In October peace talks were initiated by elders of the sub-clans concerned, which resulted in a cessation of the conflict. The SNM Government was also threatened by non-Isaaq ethnic groups within the borders of "Somaliland" who opposed the secession of the territory. Islamic fundamentalist groups, which were funded by Sudan and Iran, also presented a threat to security.

In January 1992 the UN imposed an embargo on the sale of (armaments to Somalia. In the following month the UN, OAU, the the Arab League and the OIC issued a joint appeal for a cease-fire, stating that it was a prerequisite for the granting of humanitarian aid to Somalia.

Representatives from the rival factions in Mogadishu subsequently joined the conference, and agreed to the terms of a cease-fire accord devised by the international organizations.

In March, in discussions with a joint mission of the UN, the OAU, the OIC and the Arab League in Mogadishu, Gen. Aidid agreed to some form of monitoring of the cease-fire by a foreign observer mission: The terms of the cease-fire accord signed by both Gen.

Aidid and Ali Mahdi provided for a visit, in late March, by a UN technical team, to survey the situation in Mogadishu, in advance of an unarmed observer mission which was to be dispatched to monitor violations of the accord.

Home page Arab Info Somalia Info Somalia Government Links to Somalia



Comments or suggestions? E-mail webmaster@arab.de
Copyright © 1998 -1999 Arabic German Consulting

Somalia - History

Somalia was formed by a merger of two former colonial territories: British Somaliland, in the north, and its larger and more populous neighbour, Italian Somaliland.

The United Kingdom established a protectorate in British Somaliland in 1886, following the withdrawal of Egyptian garrisons from the area. Italian Somaliland originated in 1889, when Italy concluded agreements with two local rulers, who placed their territories under Italian protection.

Italy´s occupation of the region was extended along the coast and inland, and Italian control was completed in 1927. Accordingly, the union of former British and Italian Somaliland took effect on 1 July 1960, when the independent Somali Republic was proclaimed.

On the same day representatives of the two component territories elected Dr Aden Abdullah Osman, hitherto President of the Somalia Legislative Assembly (the legislature of the southern territory), to be the first President of the new Republic.

During 1991 Somalia was riven by battles for territory between armed groups, mostly divided along clan lines.
By contrast, Somaliland enjoyed several months of relative peace and stability following its declaration of independence, and work began, with the assistance of non-governmental aid organizations, on rebuilding the territory´s infrastructure.

"Somaliland", however, was not recognized as an independent state by the international community, and consequently did not receive the substantial financial aid that its economy required. Sub-clan rivalries within the Isaaq clan, to which the majority of the population in "'Somaliland" belong, emerged in December, when an armed group opposing the SNM took control of the port of Berbera.

Forces of the SNM recaptured the port, but in January 1992 fighting between rival factions within the army was reported in Burao. In March serious fighting resumed in Berbera. President immed Ali ´Tur´ dispatched forces of his own sub-clan, the Habr Yunis, to wrest control of the port from the Issa Musa sub-clan.

Six months of hostilities ensued in Berbera and the town of Burao. In October peace talks were initiated by elders of the sub-clans concerned, which resulted in a cessation of the conflict. The SNM Government was also threatened by non-Isaaq ethnic groups within the borders of "Somaliland" who opposed the secession of the territory. Islamic fundamentalist groups, which were funded by Sudan and Iran, also presented a threat to security.

In January 1992 the UN imposed an embargo on the sale of (armaments to Somalia. In the following month the UN, OAU, the the Arab League and the OIC issued a joint appeal for a cease-fire, stating that it was a prerequisite for the granting of humanitarian aid to Somalia.

Representatives from the rival factions in Mogadishu subsequently joined the conference, and agreed to the terms of a cease-fire accord devised by the international organizations.

In March, in discussions with a joint mission of the UN, the OAU, the OIC and the Arab League in Mogadishu, Gen. Aidid agreed to some form of monitoring of the cease-fire by a foreign observer mission: The terms of the cease-fire accord signed by both Gen.

Aidid and Ali Mahdi provided for a visit, in late March, by a UN technical team, to survey the situation in Mogadishu, in advance of an unarmed observer mission which was to be dispatched to monitor violations of the accord.

Home page Arab Info Somalia Info Somalia Government Links to Somalia



Comments or suggestions? E-mail webmaster@arab.de
Copyright © 1998 -1999 Arabic German Consulting

Somalia - History

Somalia was formed by a merger of two former colonial territories: British Somaliland, in the north, and its larger and more populous neighbour, Italian Somaliland.

The United Kingdom established a protectorate in British Somaliland in 1886, following the withdrawal of Egyptian garrisons from the area. Italian Somaliland originated in 1889, when Italy concluded agreements with two local rulers, who placed their territories under Italian protection.

Italy´s occupation of the region was extended along the coast and inland, and Italian control was completed in 1927. Accordingly, the union of former British and Italian Somaliland took effect on 1 July 1960, when the independent Somali Republic was proclaimed.

On the same day representatives of the two component territories elected Dr Aden Abdullah Osman, hitherto President of the Somalia Legislative Assembly (the legislature of the southern territory), to be the first President of the new Republic.

During 1991 Somalia was riven by battles for territory between armed groups, mostly divided along clan lines.
By contrast, Somaliland enjoyed several months of relative peace and stability following its declaration of independence, and work began, with the assistance of non-governmental aid organizations, on rebuilding the territory´s infrastructure.

"Somaliland", however, was not recognized as an independent state by the international community, and consequently did not receive the substantial financial aid that its economy required. Sub-clan rivalries within the Isaaq clan, to which the majority of the population in "'Somaliland" belong, emerged in December, when an armed group opposing the SNM took control of the port of Berbera.

Forces of the SNM recaptured the port, but in January 1992 fighting between rival factions within the army was reported in Burao. In March serious fighting resumed in Berbera. President immed Ali ´Tur´ dispatched forces of his own sub-clan, the Habr Yunis, to wrest control of the port from the Issa Musa sub-clan.

Six months of hostilities ensued in Berbera and the town of Burao. In October peace talks were initiated by elders of the sub-clans concerned, which resulted in a cessation of the conflict. The SNM Government was also threatened by non-Isaaq ethnic groups within the borders of "Somaliland" who opposed the secession of the territory. Islamic fundamentalist groups, which were funded by Sudan and Iran, also presented a threat to security.

In January 1992 the UN imposed an embargo on the sale of (armaments to Somalia. In the following month the UN, OAU, the the Arab League and the OIC issued a joint appeal for a cease-fire, stating that it was a prerequisite for the granting of humanitarian aid to Somalia.

Representatives from the rival factions in Mogadishu subsequently joined the conference, and agreed to the terms of a cease-fire accord devised by the international organizations.

In March, in discussions with a joint mission of the UN, the OAU, the OIC and the Arab League in Mogadishu, Gen. Aidid agreed to some form of monitoring of the cease-fire by a foreign observer mission: The terms of the cease-fire accord signed by both Gen.

Aidid and Ali Mahdi provided for a visit, in late March, by a UN technical team, to survey the situation in Mogadishu, in advance of an unarmed observer mission which was to be dispatched to monitor violations of the accord.

Home page Arab Info Somalia Info Somalia Government Links to Somalia



Comments or suggestions? E-mail webmaster@arab.de
Copyright © 1998 -1999 Arabic German Consulting

Somalia - History

Somalia was formed by a merger of two former colonial territories: British Somaliland, in the north, and its larger and more populous neighbour, Italian Somaliland.

The United Kingdom established a protectorate in British Somaliland in 1886, following the withdrawal of Egyptian garrisons from the area. Italian Somaliland originated in 1889, when Italy concluded agreements with two local rulers, who placed their territories under Italian protection.

Italy´s occupation of the region was extended along the coast and inland, and Italian control was completed in 1927. Accordingly, the union of former British and Italian Somaliland took effect on 1 July 1960, when the independent Somali Republic was proclaimed.

On the same day representatives of the two component territories elected Dr Aden Abdullah Osman, hitherto President of the Somalia Legislative Assembly (the legislature of the southern territory), to be the first President of the new Republic.

During 1991 Somalia was riven by battles for territory between armed groups, mostly divided along clan lines.
By contrast, Somaliland enjoyed several months of relative peace and stability following its declaration of independence, and work began, with the assistance of non-governmental aid organizations, on rebuilding the territory´s infrastructure.

"Somaliland", however, was not recognized as an independent state by the international community, and consequently did not receive the substantial financial aid that its economy required. Sub-clan rivalries within the Isaaq clan, to which the majority of the population in "'Somaliland" belong, emerged in December, when an armed group opposing the SNM took control of the port of Berbera.

Forces of the SNM recaptured the port, but in January 1992 fighting between rival factions within the army was reported in Burao. In March serious fighting resumed in Berbera. President immed Ali ´Tur´ dispatched forces of his own sub-clan, the Habr Yunis, to wrest control of the port from the Issa Musa sub-clan.

Six months of hostilities ensued in Berbera and the town of Burao. In October peace talks were initiated by elders of the sub-clans concerned, which resulted in a cessation of the conflict. The SNM Government was also threatened by non-Isaaq ethnic groups within the borders of "Somaliland" who opposed the secession of the territory. Islamic fundamentalist groups, which were funded by Sudan and Iran, also presented a threat to security.

In January 1992 the UN imposed an embargo on the sale of (armaments to Somalia. In the following month the UN, OAU, the the Arab League and the OIC issued a joint appeal for a cease-fire, stating that it was a prerequisite for the granting of humanitarian aid to Somalia.

Representatives from the rival factions in Mogadishu subsequently joined the conference, and agreed to the terms of a cease-fire accord devised by the international organizations.

In March, in discussions with a joint mission of the UN, the OAU, the OIC and the Arab League in Mogadishu, Gen. Aidid agreed to some form of monitoring of the cease-fire by a foreign observer mission: The terms of the cease-fire accord signed by both Gen.

Aidid and Ali Mahdi provided for a visit, in late March, by a UN technical team, to survey the situation in Mogadishu, in advance of an unarmed observer mission which was to be dispatched to monitor violations of the accord.

Home page Arab Info Somalia Info Somalia Government Links to Somalia



Comments or suggestions? E-mail webmaster@arab.de
Copyright © 1998 -1999 Arabic German Consulting

Somalia - History

Somalia was formed by a merger of two former colonial territories: British Somaliland, in the north, and its larger and more populous neighbour, Italian Somaliland.

The United Kingdom established a protectorate in British Somaliland in 1886, following the withdrawal of Egyptian garrisons from the area. Italian Somaliland originated in 1889, when Italy concluded agreements with two local rulers, who placed their territories under Italian protection.

Italy´s occupation of the region was extended along the coast and inland, and Italian control was completed in 1927. Accordingly, the union of former British and Italian Somaliland took effect on 1 July 1960, when the independent Somali Republic was proclaimed.

On the same day representatives of the two component territories elected Dr Aden Abdullah Osman, hitherto President of the Somalia Legislative Assembly (the legislature of the southern territory), to be the first President of the new Republic.

During 1991 Somalia was riven by battles for territory between armed groups, mostly divided along clan lines.
By contrast, Somaliland enjoyed several months of relative peace and stability following its declaration of independence, and work began, with the assistance of non-governmental aid organizations, on rebuilding the territory´s infrastructure.

"Somaliland", however, was not recognized as an independent state by the international community, and consequently did not receive the substantial financial aid that its economy required. Sub-clan rivalries within the Isaaq clan, to which the majority of the population in "'Somaliland" belong, emerged in December, when an armed group opposing the SNM took control of the port of Berbera.

Forces of the SNM recaptured the port, but in January 1992 fighting between rival factions within the army was reported in Burao. In March serious fighting resumed in Berbera. President immed Ali ´Tur´ dispatched forces of his own sub-clan, the Habr Yunis, to wrest control of the port from the Issa Musa sub-clan.

Six months of hostilities ensued in Berbera and the town of Burao. In October peace talks were initiated by elders of the sub-clans concerned, which resulted in a cessation of the conflict. The SNM Government was also threatened by non-Isaaq ethnic groups within the borders of "Somaliland" who opposed the secession of the territory. Islamic fundamentalist groups, which were funded by Sudan and Iran, also presented a threat to security.

In January 1992 the UN imposed an embargo on the sale of (armaments to Somalia. In the following month the UN, OAU, the the Arab League and the OIC issued a joint appeal for a cease-fire, stating that it was a prerequisite for the granting of humanitarian aid to Somalia.

Representatives from the rival factions in Mogadishu subsequently joined the conference, and agreed to the terms of a cease-fire accord devised by the international organizations.

In March, in discussions with a joint mission of the UN, the OAU, the OIC and the Arab League in Mogadishu, Gen. Aidid agreed to some form of monitoring of the cease-fire by a foreign observer mission: The terms of the cease-fire accord signed by both Gen.

Aidid and Ali Mahdi provided for a visit, in late March, by a UN technical team, to survey the situation in Mogadishu, in advance of an unarmed observer mission which was to be dispatched to monitor violations of the accord.

Home page Arab Info Somalia Info Somalia Government Links to Somalia



Comments or suggestions? E-mail webmaster@arab.de
Copyright © 1998 -1999 Arabic German Consulting

Somalia - History

Somalia was formed by a merger of two former colonial territories: British Somaliland, in the north, and its larger and more populous neighbour, Italian Somaliland.

The United Kingdom established a protectorate in British Somaliland in 1886, following the withdrawal of Egyptian garrisons from the area. Italian Somaliland originated in 1889, when Italy concluded agreements with two local rulers, who placed their territories under Italian protection.

Italy´s occupation of the region was extended along the coast and inland, and Italian control was completed in 1927. Accordingly, the union of former British and Italian Somaliland took effect on 1 July 1960, when the independent Somali Republic was proclaimed.

On the same day representatives of the two component territories elected Dr Aden Abdullah Osman, hitherto President of the Somalia Legislative Assembly (the legislature of the southern territory), to be the first President of the new Republic.

During 1991 Somalia was riven by battles for territory between armed groups, mostly divided along clan lines.
By contrast, Somaliland enjoyed several months of relative peace and stability following its declaration of independence, and work began, with the assistance of non-governmental aid organizations, on rebuilding the territory´s infrastructure.

"Somaliland", however, was not recognized as an independent state by the international community, and consequently did not receive the substantial financial aid that its economy required. Sub-clan rivalries within the Isaaq clan, to which the majority of the population in "'Somaliland" belong, emerged in December, when an armed group opposing the SNM took control of the port of Berbera.

Forces of the SNM recaptured the port, but in January 1992 fighting between rival factions within the army was reported in Burao. In March serious fighting resumed in Berbera. President immed Ali ´Tur´ dispatched forces of his own sub-clan, the Habr Yunis, to wrest control of the port from the Issa Musa sub-clan.

Six months of hostilities ensued in Berbera and the town of Burao. In October peace talks were initiated by elders of the sub-clans concerned, which resulted in a cessation of the conflict. The SNM Government was also threatened by non-Isaaq ethnic groups within the borders of "Somaliland" who opposed the secession of the territory. Islamic fundamentalist groups, which were funded by Sudan and Iran, also presented a threat to security.

In January 1992 the UN imposed an embargo on the sale of (armaments to Somalia. In the following month the UN, OAU, the the Arab League and the OIC issued a joint appeal for a cease-fire, stating that it was a prerequisite for the granting of humanitarian aid to Somalia.

Representatives from the rival factions in Mogadishu subsequently joined the conference, and agreed to the terms of a cease-fire accord devised by the international organizations.

In March, in discussions with a joint mission of the UN, the OAU, the OIC and the Arab League in Mogadishu, Gen. Aidid agreed to some form of monitoring of the cease-fire by a foreign observer mission: The terms of the cease-fire accord signed by both Gen.

Aidid and Ali Mahdi provided for a visit, in late March, by a UN technical team, to survey the situation in Mogadishu, in advance of an unarmed observer mission which was to be dispatched to monitor violations of the accord.

Home page Arab Info Somalia Info Somalia Government Links to Somalia



Comments or suggestions? E-mail webmaster@arab.de
Copyright © 1998 -1999 Arabic German Consulting

Somalia - History

Somalia was formed by a merger of two former colonial territories: British Somaliland, in the north, and its larger and more populous neighbour, Italian Somaliland.

The United Kingdom established a protectorate in British Somaliland in 1886, following the withdrawal of Egyptian garrisons from the area. Italian Somaliland originated in 1889, when Italy concluded agreements with two local rulers, who placed their territories under Italian protection.

Italy´s occupation of the region was extended along the coast and inland, and Italian control was completed in 1927. Accordingly, the union of former British and Italian Somaliland took effect on 1 July 1960, when the independent Somali Republic was proclaimed.

On the same day representatives of the two component territories elected Dr Aden Abdullah Osman, hitherto President of the Somalia Legislative Assembly (the legislature of the southern territory), to be the first President of the new Republic.

During 1991 Somalia was riven by battles for territory between armed groups, mostly divided along clan lines.
By contrast, Somaliland enjoyed several months of relative peace and stability following its declaration of independence, and work began, with the assistance of non-governmental aid organizations, on rebuilding the territory´s infrastructure.

"Somaliland", however, was not recognized as an independent state by the international community, and consequently did not receive the substantial financial aid that its economy required. Sub-clan rivalries within the Isaaq clan, to which the majority of the population in "'Somaliland" belong, emerged in December, when an armed group opposing the SNM took control of the port of Berbera.

Forces of the SNM recaptured the port, but in January 1992 fighting between rival factions within the army was reported in Burao. In March serious fighting resumed in Berbera. President immed Ali ´Tur´ dispatched forces of his own sub-clan, the Habr Yunis, to wrest control of the port from the Issa Musa sub-clan.

Six months of hostilities ensued in Berbera and the town of Burao. In October peace talks were initiated by elders of the sub-clans concerned, which resulted in a cessation of the conflict. The SNM Government was also threatened by non-Isaaq ethnic groups within the borders of "Somaliland" who opposed the secession of the territory. Islamic fundamentalist groups, which were funded by Sudan and Iran, also presented a threat to security.

In January 1992 the UN imposed an embargo on the sale of (armaments to Somalia. In the following month the UN, OAU, the the Arab League and the OIC issued a joint appeal for a cease-fire, stating that it was a prerequisite for the granting of humanitarian aid to Somalia.

Representatives from the rival factions in Mogadishu subsequently joined the conference, and agreed to the terms of a cease-fire accord devised by the international organizations.

In March, in discussions with a joint mission of the UN, the OAU, the OIC and the Arab League in Mogadishu, Gen. Aidid agreed to some form of monitoring of the cease-fire by a foreign observer mission: The terms of the cease-fire accord signed by both Gen.

Aidid and Ali Mahdi provided for a visit, in late March, by a UN technical team, to survey the situation in Mogadishu, in advance of an unarmed observer mission which was to be dispatched to monitor violations of the accord.

Home page Arab Info Somalia Info Somalia Government Links to Somalia



Comments or suggestions? E-mail webmaster@arab.de
Copyright © 1998 -1999 Arabic German Consulting

Somalia - History

Somalia was formed by a merger of two former colonial territories: British Somaliland, in the north, and its larger and more populous neighbour, Italian Somaliland.

The United Kingdom established a protectorate in British Somaliland in 1886, following the withdrawal of Egyptian garrisons from the area. Italian Somaliland originated in 1889, when Italy concluded agreements with two local rulers, who placed their territories under Italian protection.

Italy´s occupation of the region was extended along the coast and inland, and Italian control was completed in 1927. Accordingly, the union of former British and Italian Somaliland took effect on 1 July 1960, when the independent Somali Republic was proclaimed.

On the same day representatives of the two component territories elected Dr Aden Abdullah Osman, hitherto President of the Somalia Legislative Assembly (the legislature of the southern territory), to be the first President of the new Republic.

During 1991 Somalia was riven by battles for territory between armed groups, mostly divided along clan lines.
By contrast, Somaliland enjoyed several months of relative peace and stability following its declaration of independence, and work began, with the assistance of non-governmental aid organizations, on rebuilding the territory´s infrastructure.

"Somaliland", however, was not recognized as an independent state by the international community, and consequently did not receive the substantial financial aid that its economy required. Sub-clan rivalries within the Isaaq clan, to which the majority of the population in "'Somaliland" belong, emerged in December, when an armed group opposing the SNM took control of the port of Berbera.

Forces of the SNM recaptured the port, but in January 1992 fighting between rival factions within the army was reported in Burao. In March serious fighting resumed in Berbera. President immed Ali ´Tur´ dispatched forces of his own sub-clan, the Habr Yunis, to wrest control of the port from the Issa Musa sub-clan.

Six months of hostilities ensued in Berbera and the town of Burao. In October peace talks were initiated by elders of the sub-clans concerned, which resulted in a cessation of the conflict. The SNM Government was also threatened by non-Isaaq ethnic groups within the borders of "Somaliland" who opposed the secession of the territory. Islamic fundamentalist groups, which were funded by Sudan and Iran, also presented a threat to security.

In January 1992 the UN imposed an embargo on the sale of (armaments to Somalia. In the following month the UN, OAU, the the Arab League and the OIC issued a joint appeal for a cease-fire, stating that it was a prerequisite for the granting of humanitarian aid to Somalia.

Representatives from the rival factions in Mogadishu subsequently joined the conference, and agreed to the terms of a cease-fire accord devised by the international organizations.

In March, in discussions with a joint mission of the UN, the OAU, the OIC and the Arab League in Mogadishu, Gen. Aidid agreed to some form of monitoring of the cease-fire by a foreign observer mission: The terms of the cease-fire accord signed by both Gen.

Aidid and Ali Mahdi provided for a visit, in late March, by a UN technical team, to survey the situation in Mogadishu, in advance of an unarmed observer mission which was to be dispatched to monitor violations of the accord.

Home page Arab Info Somalia Info Somalia Government Links to Somalia



Comments or suggestions? E-mail webmaster@arab.de
Copyright © 1998 -1999 Arabic German Consulting

Somalia - History

Somalia was formed by a merger of two former colonial territories: British Somaliland, in the north, and its larger and more populous neighbour, Italian Somaliland.

The United Kingdom established a protectorate in British Somaliland in 1886, following the withdrawal of Egyptian garrisons from the area. Italian Somaliland originated in 1889, when Italy concluded agreements with two local rulers, who placed their territories under Italian protection.

Italy´s occupation of the region was extended along the coast and inland, and Italian control was completed in 1927. Accordingly, the union of former British and Italian Somaliland took effect on 1 July 1960, when the independent Somali Republic was proclaimed.

On the same day representatives of the two component territories elected Dr Aden Abdullah Osman, hitherto President of the Somalia Legislative Assembly (the legislature of the southern territory), to be the first President of the new Republic.

During 1991 Somalia was riven by battles for territory between armed groups, mostly divided along clan lines.
By contrast, Somaliland enjoyed several months of relative peace and stability following its declaration of independence, and work began, with the assistance of non-governmental aid organizations, on rebuilding the territory´s infrastructure.

"Somaliland", however, was not recognized as an independent state by the international community, and consequently did not receive the substantial financial aid that its economy required. Sub-clan rivalries within the Isaaq clan, to which the majority of the population in "'Somaliland" belong, emerged in December, when an armed group opposing the SNM took control of the port of Berbera.

Forces of the SNM recaptured the port, but in January 1992 fighting between rival factions within the army was reported in Burao. In March serious fighting resumed in Berbera. President immed Ali ´Tur´ dispatched forces of his own sub-clan, the Habr Yunis, to wrest control of the port from the Issa Musa sub-clan.

Six months of hostilities ensued in Berbera and the town of Burao. In October peace talks were initiated by elders of the sub-clans concerned, which resulted in a cessation of the conflict. The SNM Government was also threatened by non-Isaaq ethnic groups within the borders of "Somaliland" who opposed the secession of the territory. Islamic fundamentalist groups, which were funded by Sudan and Iran, also presented a threat to security.

In January 1992 the UN imposed an embargo on the sale of (armaments to Somalia. In the following month the UN, OAU, the the Arab League and the OIC issued a joint appeal for a cease-fire, stating that it was a prerequisite for the granting of humanitarian aid to Somalia.

Representatives from the rival factions in Mogadishu subsequently joined the conference, and agreed to the terms of a cease-fire accord devised by the international organizations.

In March, in discussions with a joint mission of the UN, the OAU, the OIC and the Arab League in Mogadishu, Gen. Aidid agreed to some form of monitoring of the cease-fire by a foreign observer mission: The terms of the cease-fire accord signed by both Gen.

Aidid and Ali Mahdi provided for a visit, in late March, by a UN technical team, to survey the situation in Mogadishu, in advance of an unarmed observer mission which was to be dispatched to monitor violations of the accord.

Home page Arab Info Somalia Info Somalia Government Links to Somalia



Comments or suggestions? E-mail webmaster@arab.de
Copyright © 1998 -1999 Arabic German Consulting

Somalia - History

Somalia was formed by a merger of two former colonial territories: British Somaliland, in the north, and its larger and more populous neighbour, Italian Somaliland.

The United Kingdom established a protectorate in British Somaliland in 1886, following the withdrawal of Egyptian garrisons from the area. Italian Somaliland originated in 1889, when Italy concluded agreements with two local rulers, who placed their territories under Italian protection.

Italy´s occupation of the region was extended along the coast and inland, and Italian control was completed in 1927. Accordingly, the union of former British and Italian Somaliland took effect on 1 July 1960, when the independent Somali Republic was proclaimed.

On the same day representatives of the two component territories elected Dr Aden Abdullah Osman, hitherto President of the Somalia Legislative Assembly (the legislature of the southern territory), to be the first President of the new Republic.

During 1991 Somalia was riven by battles for territory between armed groups, mostly divided along clan lines.
By contrast, Somaliland enjoyed several months of relative peace and stability following its declaration of independence, and work began, with the assistance of non-governmental aid organizations, on rebuilding the territory´s infrastructure.

"Somaliland", however, was not recognized as an independent state by the international community, and consequently did not receive the substantial financial aid that its economy required. Sub-clan rivalries within the Isaaq clan, to which the majority of the population in "'Somaliland" belong, emerged in December, when an armed group opposing the SNM took control of the port of Berbera.

Forces of the SNM recaptured the port, but in January 1992 fighting between rival factions within the army was reported in Burao. In March serious fighting resumed in Berbera. President immed Ali ´Tur´ dispatched forces of his own sub-clan, the Habr Yunis, to wrest control of the port from the Issa Musa sub-clan.

Six months of hostilities ensued in Berbera and the town of Burao. In October peace talks were initiated by elders of the sub-clans concerned, which resulted in a cessation of the conflict. The SNM Government was also threatened by non-Isaaq ethnic groups within the borders of "Somaliland" who opposed the secession of the territory. Islamic fundamentalist groups, which were funded by Sudan and Iran, also presented a threat to security.

In January 1992 the UN imposed an embargo on the sale of (armaments to Somalia. In the following month the UN, OAU, the the Arab League and the OIC issued a joint appeal for a cease-fire, stating that it was a prerequisite for the granting of humanitarian aid to Somalia.

Representatives from the rival factions in Mogadishu subsequently joined the conference, and agreed to the terms of a cease-fire accord devised by the international organizations.

In March, in discussions with a joint mission of the UN, the OAU, the OIC and the Arab League in Mogadishu, Gen. Aidid agreed to some form of monitoring of the cease-f

[The rebel]

What this long copy and paste thing to do with the topic about Polygamy

[COOL-MAN]

polygamy is ok. i am planning to marry the maximum inshallah.

two of them are already in the bag (waiting to be asked in) .

long live the culture of labeysi and sadaxeysi and even afareysi for those who can afford like luggooyo and co

[Cheroke]

Polgamy is something I look forward to, I hear non-believers are converting to Islam because of polgamy