WAYNE ROONEY AND THE HOOKER.

[Beards]

Bismillah,

I sympathise with this football star.
He spent lots of money on haram one night stand with a hooker and it was all over the papers.

IN THIS DAY AND AGE there are lots girl friends who provide the same services for free.
If he doesn't fear Allah(subhana wa ta'ala), he should at least look after the interest of his pocket.

[_V_gYaL_]

..^What a good samaritan!

Jazakhula Akhbara kheyr

[Galol]

Berads

Do you abuse your 12 year-old "wife" for free? I bet you pay her in ice-creams evrerytime she lets you pluge your dipstick into her litle body.

[Intruder]

LOL Galol
I think he gives her a diaper change first, cleans her up, entice her with some sugar candy before he rapes her.

[1nemansquad]

Hebrew alphabet
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
edit History of the Alphabet
Wadi el-Hol 19th c. BC
Proto-Canaanite 14th c. BC

Ugaritic 13th c. BC
Phoenician 11th c. BC
Paleo-Hebrew 9th c. BC
Samaritan 6th c. BC
Aramaic 9th c. BC
Hebrew 3rd c. BC
Avestan 3th c.
Brahmi 3rd c. BC
Syriac 2nd c. BC
Arabic 4th c.
Greek 8th c. BC
Old Italic 8th c. BC
Runes 2nd c.
Latin 7th c. BC
Gothic 4th c.
Armenian 405
Glagolitic 862
Cyrillic 10th c.
South Arabian 9th c. BC
Ethiopic 3rd-4th c.

Meroitic 3rd c. BC
Note: This article contains special characters.
This article is mainly about Hebrew letters. For Hebrew diacritical marks, see niqqud (for the vowel points) and cantillation.
The Hebrew alphabet is a set of 22 letters used for writing the Hebrew language. It has also been used in mildly adapted forms for writing several languages of the Jewish diaspora, most famously Yiddish, Ladino, and Judaeo-Arabic (for a full and detailed list, see Jewish languages). Hebrew is written from right to left.

The Hebrew word for "alphabet" is אלף-בית (alef-bet), named after the first two letters of the Hebrew alphabet. The Hebrew alphabet was in origin an abjad, in other words it had letters for consonants only, but means were later devised to indicate vowels, first by using consonant letters as matres lectionis, later by separate vowel points or nikud.

The number of letters in the Hebrew alphabet, their order, their names, and their phonetic values are virtually identical to those of the Aramaic alphabet, as both Hebrews and Arameans borrowed the Phoenician alphabet for their uses during the end of the 2nd millennium BC.

The modern script used for writing Hebrew (usually called the Jewish script by scholars, and also traditionally known as the square script, or the Assyrian script), evolved during the 3rd century BC from the Aramaic script, which was used by Jews for writing Hebrew since the 6th century BC. Prior to that, Hebrew was written using the old Hebrew script, which evolved during the 9th century BC from the Phoenician script; the Samaritans still write Hebrew in a variant of this script for religious works (see Samaritan alphabet).

Contents [hide]
1 Short table
2 Description
3 Main table
3.1 Name and transliteration
3.2 Numerical value and pronunciation
3.3 Notes
3.4 Vowel formation
3.5 Ancient Hebrew
4 History
5 Unicode Table
6 HTML Code Table
7 See also
8 External links



[edit]
Short table
The Hebrew alphabet consists of the following letters. Some letters have a different form used at the ends of words: these are shown in the table below the normal form.

Alef Bet/Vet Gimel Dalet He Vav Zayin Het Tet Yod Kaf/Chaf
א א ב ב ג ג ד ד ה ה ו ו ז ז ח ח ט ט י י כ כ
ך ך
Lamed Mem Nun Samekh Ayin Pe/Fe Tsadi Qof Resh Shin/Sin Tav
ל ל מ מ נ נ ס ס ע ע פ פ צ צ ק ק ר ר ש ש ת ת
ם ם ן ן ף ף ץ ץ
[edit]
Description
Both the old Hebrew script and the modern Jewish script have only one case, but in the modern script some letters have special final forms used only at the end of a word. This is similar to the Arabic alphabet, although much simpler. The Hebrew alphabet is an abjad: vowels are normally not indicated. Where they are it is because a weak consonant such as א alef, ה he, ו vav, or י yod has combined with a previous vowel and become silent or by imitation of such cases in spelling of other forms.

To preserve the proper vowel sounds, scholars developed several different sets of diacritic symbols called nikud (ניקוד; literally: "applying points"). One of these, the Tiberian system, eventually prevailed. Aaron ben Moses ben Asher, and his family for several generations, are credited for creating and maintaining the system. These points are normally used only for special purposes, such as Biblical books intended for study, in poetry, or when teaching the language to children. The Tiberian system also includes a set of cantillation marks used to indicate how scriptural passages should be chanted, and decorative "crowns" used only for Torah scrolls.

Hebrew letters may also be used as numbers; see the entry on Hebrew numerals. This use of letters as numbers is used in Kabbalah (Jewish mysticism) in a practice known as gematria.

[edit]
Main table
The following table is a breakdown of each letter in the Hebrew alphabet, describing its written glyph or glyphs, its name or names, its Latin script transliteration values used in academic work, and its pronunciation in reconstructed historical forms and dialects using the International Phonetic Alphabet. If two glyphs are shown for a letter, then the left-most glyph is the Final form of the letter (or right-most glyph if your browser doesn't support right-to-left text layout).

[edit]
Name and transliteration
Symbol Name Transliteration
Academic Uni-
code Stan-
dard Israeli Ash-
kenazi Academic Israeli
Uni-
code Font-friendly ISO-8859-1-friendly Uni-
code Font-friendly ISO-8859-1-friendly
א ʾā́lep̄ ’āleph 'àleph alef alef alef ʾ ’ ' ' (1)
ב bêṯ, ḇêṯ bêth, bhêth bêth, bhêth bet bet, vet beis, veis b, ḇ b, bh b, bh b, v
ג gímmel, ḡímel gímel, ghímel gímel, ghímel gimel gimel gimmel g, ḡ g, gh g, gh g
ד dā́leṯ, ḏā́leṯ dāleth, dhāleth dàleth, dhàleth dalet dalet doles d, ḏ d, dh d, dh d
ה ? hê hê he he, hei, e, ei hei h, Ḏ ? ? h (2)
ו wāw wāw wàw vav vav vov, vof ? w w v
ז ? záyin záyin zayin zayin zayin ? z z ?
ח ḥêṯ, (3) ḫêṯ ħêth, (3) xêth h`êth, (3) xêth het chet ches ḥ, (3) ḫ ħ, (3) x h`, (3) x kh, ch (4)
ט ṭêṯ ţêth t`êth tet tet tes ṭ ţ t` t
י yôḏ yôdh yôdh yod yod, yud yud ? y y y, i (8)
ך כ kāp̄, ḵāp̄ kāph, khāph kàph, khàph kaf kaf, chaf kof, chof k, ḵ k, kh k, kh k, ch
ל lā́meḏ lāmedh làmedh lamed lamed lomed ? l l l
ם מ mēm mēm mèm mem mem mem ? m m m
ן נ ? nûn nûn nun nun nun ? n n n
ס sā́mekh sāmekh sàmekh samekh samech somech ? s s s
ע ʿáyin, (3) ġáyin ‘áyin, (3) ġáyin `áyin, (3) 3áyin ayin ayin ayin, oyin ʿ, (3) ġ ‘, (3) ġ `, (3) 3 ' (9)
ף פ pê, p̄ê pê, phê pê, phê pe pe, pei, fe/fei pei, fei p, p̄ p, ph p, ph p, f
ץ צ ṣāḏê şādhê s`àdhê tsadi tzadi, tzadik tsodi, tsodik ṣ ş s` tz, ts, z
ק ? qôph qôph qof kof, kuf kuf ? k k q
ר rêš rêš rêsh resh resh, reish reish ? r r r
ש šîn, śîn šîn, śîn shîn, lhîn shin shin, sin shin, sin š, ś š, ś sh, lh sh, s
ת tāw, ṯāw tāw, thāw tàw, thàw tav tav, taf tov, tof, sov, sof t, ṯ t, th t, th t
[edit]
Numerical value and pronunciation
Symbol Numerical
Value Pronunciation (IPA)
Modern Israeli Ashkenazi Sephardi Yemenite Tiberian Reconstructed
Mishnaic Biblical
א 1 [ ʔ, - ] silent [ ʔ, - ] [ ʔ, - ] [ ʔ, - ] [ ʔ, - ] [ ʔ ]
ב 2 [ b, v ] [ b, v~v̥ ] [ b, b~β~v ] [ b ] [ b, v ] [ b, β ] [ b ]
ג 3 [ ɡ ] [ ɡ~ɡ̊ ] [ ɡ, ɡ~ɣ ] [ ʤ, ɣ ] [ ɡ, ɣ ] [ ɡ, ɣ ] [ ɡ ]
ד 4 [ d ] [ d~d̥ ] [ d̪~ð ] [ d̪, ð ] [ d̪, ð ] [ d̪, ð ] [ d̪ ]
ה 5 [ h~ʔ, - ] [ h, - ] [ h, - ] [ h, - ] [ h, - ] [ h, - ] [ h ]
ו 6 [ v ] [ v~v̥ ] [ v ] [ w ] [ w ] [ w ] [ w ]
ז 7 [ z ] [ z~z̥ ] [ z ] [ z ] [ z ] [ z ] [ dz ]
ח 8 [ x~ħ ] [ x ] [ ħ ] [ ħ ] [ ħ ] [ ħ, x ] [ ħ, x ]
ט 9 [ t ] [ t ] [ t̪ ] [ t̴̪ ] (5) [ t̴̪ ] [ t̪ˁ ] (6) [ t̪ʼ ] (7)
י 10 [ j ] [ j ] [ j ] [ j ] [ j ] [ j ] [ j ]
ך כ 20 [ k, x ] [ k, x ] [ k, x ] [ k, x ] [ k, x ] [ k, x ] [ k ]
ל 30 [ l ] [ l~ɫ ] [ l ] [ l ] [ l ] [ l ] [ l ]
ם מ 40 [ m ] [ m ] [ m ] [ m ] [ m ] [ m ] [ m ]
ן נ 50 [ n ] [ n ] [ n̪ ] [ n̪ ] [ n̪ ] [ n̪ ] [ n̪ ]
ס 60 [ s ] [ s ] [ s ] [ s ] [ s ] [ s ] [ ts ]
ע 70 [ ʔ ~ ʕ, – ] silent [ ʕ, ŋ, – ] [ ʕ ] [ ʕ ] [ ʕ, ɣ ] [ ʕ, ɣ ]
ף פ 80 [ p, f ] [ p, f ] [ p, f ] [ f ] [ p, f ] [ p, ɸ ] [ p ]
ץ צ 90 [ ʦ ] [ ʦ ] [ ʦ ] [ s̴ ] (5) [ s̴ ] [ sˁ ] (6) [ ʦʼ, ʧʼ, t͡ɬʼ ] (7)
ק 100 [ k ] [ k ] [ k ] [ ɡ ] [ q ] [ q ] [ kʼ ] (7)
ר 200 [ ʁ ] [ ʀ ] [ r~ɾ ] [ r~ɾ ] [ ɾ ] [ ɾ ] [ ɾ ]
ש 300 [ ʃ, s ] [ ʃ, s ] [ ʃ, s ] [ ʃ, s ] [ ʃ, s ] [ ʃ, ɬ ] [ ʧ, t͡ɬ, s ]
ת 400 [ t ] [ t, s ] [ t̪, θ ] [ t̪, θ ] [ t̪, θ ] [ t̪, θ ] [ t̪ ]
[edit]
Notes
unwritten in initial and final positions, though often not written at all
unwritten in final positions
archaic
h initial or after consonants, ch everywhere else
velarized or pharyngealized
pharyngealized
sometimes said to be ejective but more likely glottalized.
i in final positions or before consonants
often not written at all

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Historically, the consonants ב bet, ג gimel, ד dalet, כ kaf, פ pe, and ת tav each had two sounds: one hard (plosive consonant), and one soft (fricative consonant), depending on the position of the letter and other factors. When vowel diacritics are used, the hard sounds are indicated by a central dot called dagesh (דגש), while the soft sounds lack a dagesh. In masoretic manuscripts, the soft fricative consonants are indicated by a small line on top of the letter; this diacritical mark is called raphe (רפה), but its use has been largely discontinued in printed texts.
א alef, ה he, ו vav and י yod are consonants that can sometimes fill the position of a vowel. vav and yod in particular are more often vowels than they are consonants.
ש shin and sin are two separate phonemes written with the same letter. They are not mutually allophonic. When vowel diacritics are used, the two phonemes are differentiated with a shin-dot or sin-dot; the shin-dot is above the upper-right side of the letter, and sin-dot is above the upper-left side of the letter.
In Israel's general population, many consonants have merged to the same pronunciation. They are:
א alef with ayin and (varyingly) ה he
ב bet (without dagesh) with ו vav
ח het with כ kaf (without dagesh)
ט tet with ת tav (both with and without dagesh)
כ kaf (with dagesh) with ק qof
ס samekh with שׂ sin (but not with שׁ shin)
צ tsadi with the consonant cluster תס tav-samekh
[edit]
Vowel formation
Some of the letters, as well as their consonantal function, also acted as matres lectionis to represent vowels, as follows:

Symbol Name Vowel formation
א alef ê, ệ, ậ, â, ô
ה he ê, ệ, ậ, â, ô
ו vav ô, û
י yod î, ê, ệ
[edit]
Ancient Hebrew
Some of the variations in sound mentioned above are due to a systematic feature of Ancient Hebrew. The six consonants /p t k b d g/ were pronounced differently depending on their position. These letters were also called BeGeDKePHaT (pronounced /beɪgɛd'kɛfɛt/) letters. (The full details are very complex; this summary omits some points.) They were pronounced as stops [p t k b d g] at the beginning of a syllable, or when doubled. They were pronounced as fricatives [p̄ ṯ ḵ ḇ ḏ ḡ] — IPA [f θ x v ð ɣ] when preceded by a vowel. The stop and double pronunciations were indicated by the dagesh. In Modern Hebrew the sounds [ḏ] and [ḡ] have reverted to [d] and [g], and [ṯ] has become [t], so only the remaining three letters show variation.

ו vav was a semivowel /w/ (as in English, not as in German).

ח het and ע ayin were pharyngeal fricatives, צ tsadi was an emphatic /s/, ט tet was an emphatic /t/, and ק qof was /q/. All these are common Semitic consonants.

שׂ sin (the /s/ variant of ש shin) was originally different from both שׁ shin and ס samekh, but had become /s/ the same as ס samekh by the time the vowel pointing was devised. Because of cognates with other Semitic languages, this phoneme is known to have originally been a lateral consonant, most likely IPA the fricative /ɬ/ (as in Welsh /ll/) or the affricate /tɬ/ (as in Náhuatl /tl/).

[edit]
History
Archeological evidence indicates that the original Hebrew script is related to the Phoenician script that was in wide use in the Middle East region at the end of the 2nd millennium BCE. Eventually this alphabet evolved in Europe into the Greek and Roman alphabets. This script was borrowed by the Hebrews during the 12th or 11th century BCE, and around the 9th century BCE, a distinct Hebrew variant, the original "Hebrew script", emerged. This script was widely used in the ancient kingdoms of Israel and Judah until they fell in the 8th and 6th centuries BCE, respectively.

Following the Babylonian exile, Jews gradually stopped using the Hebrew script, and instead adopted the Babylonian Aramaic script (which was also originally derived from the Phoenician script). This script, used for writing Hebrew, later evolved into the Jewish, or "square" script, that is still used today. "Square"-related scripts were in use all over the Middle East for several hundred years, but following the rise of Christianity (and later, the rise of Islam), they gave way to the Roman and Arabic alphabets, respectively. According to traditional Jewish thought, the Hebrew writing system contained all the current letters at the time of Moses, although Ezra is known for his contribution to the square form.

Following the decline of Hebrew and Aramaic as the spoken languages of the Jews, the Hebrew alphabet was adopted in order to write down the languages of the Jewish diaspora (Karaim, Judæo-Arabic, Ladino, Yiddish, etc.). The Hebrew alphabet was retained as the alphabet used for writing down the Hebrew language during its rebirth in the end of the 19th century, despite several unsuccessful attempts to replace it with the Latin alphabet.

[edit]
Unicode Table
The Unicode Hebrew block extends from U+0590 to U+05FF. It includes letters, ligatures, combining diacritical marks (niqqud and cantillation marks) and punctuation.

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F
590 ֐ ֑ ֒ ֓ ֔ ֕ ֖ ֗ ֘ ֙ ֚ ֛ ֜ ֝ ֞ ֟
5A0 Ö  Ö¡ Ö¢ Ö£ Ö¤ Ö¥ Ö¦ Ö§ Ö¨ Ö© Öª Ö« Ö¬ Ö­ Ö® Ö¯
5B0 Ö° Ö± Ö² Ö³ Ö´ Öµ Ö¶ Ö· Ö¸ Ö¹ Öº Ö» Ö¼ Ö½ Ö¾ Ö¿
5C0 ׀ ׁ ׂ ׃ ׄ ׅ ׆ ׇ ׈ ׉ ׊ ׋ ׌ ׍ ׎ ׏
5D0 א ב ג ד ה ו ז ח ט י ך כ ל ם מ ן
5E0 נ ס ע ף פ ץ צ ק ר ש ת ׫ ׬ ׭ ׮ ׯ
5F0 װ ױ ײ ׳ ״ ׵ ׶ ׷ ׸ ׹ ׺ ׻ ׼ ׽ ׾ ׿

Note: The codes װ ױ ײ are intended for Yiddish. They are not used in Hebrew.

[edit]
HTML Code Table
Alef-Bet

ג ב בּ א
ג ב בּ א
ז ו ה ד
ז ו ה ד
כּ י ט ח
(כּ) י ט ח
מ ל ך כ
מ ל ך כ
ס ן נ ם
ס ן נ ם
ף פ פּ ע
ף פ (פּ) ע
ר ק ץ צ
ר ק ץ צ
ת תּ שׂ שׁ
ת (תּ) שׂ שׁ


Vowels and Unique Characters

Short/Hard Long/Soft
( Ö· ) ( Ö¸ )
ַ ָ
( Öµ ) ( Ö¶ )
ֵ ֶ
וֹ ( ֹ )
וֹ ֹ
וּ ( ֻ )
וּ ֻ
( ִ ) Letter Yud ( י )
ִ &amp1497;
Shva Nach ( Ö° ) Shva Nah ( Ö° )
ְ ְ
Dagesh ( Ö¼ )
ּ

[AMAT-ALLAH]

^^1nemansquad...Good one!
-
Intruder and Galol--Go and play with your rag dolls-Pricks

[1nemansquad]

Hebrew alphabet
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
edit History of the Alphabet
Wadi el-Hol 19th c. BC
Proto-Canaanite 14th c. BC

Ugaritic 13th c. BC
Phoenician 11th c. BC
Paleo-Hebrew 9th c. BC
Samaritan 6th c. BC
Aramaic 9th c. BC
Hebrew 3rd c. BC
Avestan 3th c.
Brahmi 3rd c. BC
Syriac 2nd c. BC
Arabic 4th c.
Greek 8th c. BC
Old Italic 8th c. BC
Runes 2nd c.
Latin 7th c. BC
Gothic 4th c.
Armenian 405
Glagolitic 862
Cyrillic 10th c.
South Arabian 9th c. BC
Ethiopic 3rd-4th c.

Meroitic 3rd c. BC
Note: This article contains special characters.
This article is mainly about Hebrew letters. For Hebrew diacritical marks, see niqqud (for the vowel points) and cantillation.
The Hebrew alphabet is a set of 22 letters used for writing the Hebrew language. It has also been used in mildly adapted forms for writing several languages of the Jewish diaspora, most famously Yiddish, Ladino, and Judaeo-Arabic (for a full and detailed list, see Jewish languages). Hebrew is written from right to left.

The Hebrew word for "alphabet" is אלף-בית (alef-bet), named after the first two letters of the Hebrew alphabet. The Hebrew alphabet was in origin an abjad, in other words it had letters for consonants only, but means were later devised to indicate vowels, first by using consonant letters as matres lectionis, later by separate vowel points or nikud.

The number of letters in the Hebrew alphabet, their order, their names, and their phonetic values are virtually identical to those of the Aramaic alphabet, as both Hebrews and Arameans borrowed the Phoenician alphabet for their uses during the end of the 2nd millennium BC.

The modern script used for writing Hebrew (usually called the Jewish script by scholars, and also traditionally known as the square script, or the Assyrian script), evolved during the 3rd century BC from the Aramaic script, which was used by Jews for writing Hebrew since the 6th century BC. Prior to that, Hebrew was written using the old Hebrew script, which evolved during the 9th century BC from the Phoenician script; the Samaritans still write Hebrew in a variant of this script for religious works (see Samaritan alphabet).

Contents [hide]
1 Short table
2 Description
3 Main table
3.1 Name and transliteration
3.2 Numerical value and pronunciation
3.3 Notes
3.4 Vowel formation
3.5 Ancient Hebrew
4 History
5 Unicode Table
6 HTML Code Table
7 See also
8 External links



[edit]
Short table
The Hebrew alphabet consists of the following letters. Some letters have a different form used at the ends of words: these are shown in the table below the normal form.

Alef Bet/Vet Gimel Dalet He Vav Zayin Het Tet Yod Kaf/Chaf
א א ב ב ג ג ד ד ה ה ו ו ז ז ח ח ט ט י י כ כ
ך ך
Lamed Mem Nun Samekh Ayin Pe/Fe Tsadi Qof Resh Shin/Sin Tav
ל ל מ מ נ נ ס ס ע ע פ פ צ צ ק ק ר ר ש ש ת ת
ם ם ן ן ף ף ץ ץ
[edit]
Description
Both the old Hebrew script and the modern Jewish script have only one case, but in the modern script some letters have special final forms used only at the end of a word. This is similar to the Arabic alphabet, although much simpler. The Hebrew alphabet is an abjad: vowels are normally not indicated. Where they are it is because a weak consonant such as א alef, ה he, ו vav, or י yod has combined with a previous vowel and become silent or by imitation of such cases in spelling of other forms.

To preserve the proper vowel sounds, scholars developed several different sets of diacritic symbols called nikud (ניקוד; literally: "applying points"). One of these, the Tiberian system, eventually prevailed. Aaron ben Moses ben Asher, and his family for several generations, are credited for creating and maintaining the system. These points are normally used only for special purposes, such as Biblical books intended for study, in poetry, or when teaching the language to children. The Tiberian system also includes a set of cantillation marks used to indicate how scriptural passages should be chanted, and decorative "crowns" used only for Torah scrolls.

Hebrew letters may also be used as numbers; see the entry on Hebrew numerals. This use of letters as numbers is used in Kabbalah (Jewish mysticism) in a practice known as gematria.

[edit]
Main table
The following table is a breakdown of each letter in the Hebrew alphabet, describing its written glyph or glyphs, its name or names, its Latin script transliteration values used in academic work, and its pronunciation in reconstructed historical forms and dialects using the International Phonetic Alphabet. If two glyphs are shown for a letter, then the left-most glyph is the Final form of the letter (or right-most glyph if your browser doesn't support right-to-left text layout).

[edit]
Name and transliteration
Symbol Name Transliteration
Academic Uni-
code Stan-
dard Israeli Ash-
kenazi Academic Israeli
Uni-
code Font-friendly ISO-8859-1-friendly Uni-
code Font-friendly ISO-8859-1-friendly
א ʾā́lep̄ ’āleph 'àleph alef alef alef ʾ ’ ' ' (1)
ב bêṯ, ḇêṯ bêth, bhêth bêth, bhêth bet bet, vet beis, veis b, ḇ b, bh b, bh b, v
ג gímmel, ḡímel gímel, ghímel gímel, ghímel gimel gimel gimmel g, ḡ g, gh g, gh g
ד dā́leṯ, ḏā́leṯ dāleth, dhāleth dàleth, dhàleth dalet dalet doles d, ḏ d, dh d, dh d
ה ? hê hê he he, hei, e, ei hei h, Ḏ ? ? h (2)
ו wāw wāw wàw vav vav vov, vof ? w w v
ז ? záyin záyin zayin zayin zayin ? z z ?
ח ḥêṯ, (3) ḫêṯ ħêth, (3) xêth h`êth, (3) xêth het chet ches ḥ, (3) ḫ ħ, (3) x h`, (3) x kh, ch (4)
ט ṭêṯ ţêth t`êth tet tet tes ṭ ţ t` t
י yôḏ yôdh yôdh yod yod, yud yud ? y y y, i (8)
ך כ kāp̄, ḵāp̄ kāph, khāph kàph, khàph kaf kaf, chaf kof, chof k, ḵ k, kh k, kh k, ch
ל lā́meḏ lāmedh làmedh lamed lamed lomed ? l l l
ם מ mēm mēm mèm mem mem mem ? m m m
ן נ ? nûn nûn nun nun nun ? n n n
ס sā́mekh sāmekh sàmekh samekh samech somech ? s s s
ע ʿáyin, (3) ġáyin ‘áyin, (3) ġáyin `áyin, (3) 3áyin ayin ayin ayin, oyin ʿ, (3) ġ ‘, (3) ġ `, (3) 3 ' (9)
ף פ pê, p̄ê pê, phê pê, phê pe pe, pei, fe/fei pei, fei p, p̄ p, ph p, ph p, f
ץ צ ṣāḏê şādhê s`àdhê tsadi tzadi, tzadik tsodi, tsodik ṣ ş s` tz, ts, z
ק ? qôph qôph qof kof, kuf kuf ? k k q
ר rêš rêš rêsh resh resh, reish reish ? r r r
ש šîn, śîn šîn, śîn shîn, lhîn shin shin, sin shin, sin š, ś š, ś sh, lh sh, s
ת tāw, ṯāw tāw, thāw tàw, thàw tav tav, taf tov, tof, sov, sof t, ṯ t, th t, th t
[edit]
Numerical value and pronunciation
Symbol Numerical
Value Pronunciation (IPA)
Modern Israeli Ashkenazi Sephardi Yemenite Tiberian Reconstructed
Mishnaic Biblical
א 1 [ ʔ, - ] silent [ ʔ, - ] [ ʔ, - ] [ ʔ, - ] [ ʔ, - ] [ ʔ ]
ב 2 [ b, v ] [ b, v~v̥ ] [ b, b~β~v ] [ b ] [ b, v ] [ b, β ] [ b ]
ג 3 [ ɡ ] [ ɡ~ɡ̊ ] [ ɡ, ɡ~ɣ ] [ ʤ, ɣ ] [ ɡ, ɣ ] [ ɡ, ɣ ] [ ɡ ]
ד 4 [ d ] [ d~d̥ ] [ d̪~ð ] [ d̪, ð ] [ d̪, ð ] [ d̪, ð ] [ d̪ ]
ה 5 [ h~ʔ, - ] [ h, - ] [ h, - ] [ h, - ] [ h, - ] [ h, - ] [ h ]
ו 6 [ v ] [ v~v̥ ] [ v ] [ w ] [ w ] [ w ] [ w ]
ז 7 [ z ] [ z~z̥ ] [ z ] [ z ] [ z ] [ z ] [ dz ]
ח 8 [ x~ħ ] [ x ] [ ħ ] [ ħ ] [ ħ ] [ ħ, x ] [ ħ, x ]
ט 9 [ t ] [ t ] [ t̪ ] [ t̴̪ ] (5) [ t̴̪ ] [ t̪ˁ ] (6) [ t̪ʼ ] (7)
י 10 [ j ] [ j ] [ j ] [ j ] [ j ] [ j ] [ j ]
ך כ 20 [ k, x ] [ k, x ] [ k, x ] [ k, x ] [ k, x ] [ k, x ] [ k ]
ל 30 [ l ] [ l~ɫ ] [ l ] [ l ] [ l ] [ l ] [ l ]
ם מ 40 [ m ] [ m ] [ m ] [ m ] [ m ] [ m ] [ m ]
ן נ 50 [ n ] [ n ] [ n̪ ] [ n̪ ] [ n̪ ] [ n̪ ] [ n̪ ]
ס 60 [ s ] [ s ] [ s ] [ s ] [ s ] [ s ] [ ts ]
ע 70 [ ʔ ~ ʕ, – ] silent [ ʕ, ŋ, – ] [ ʕ ] [ ʕ ] [ ʕ, ɣ ] [ ʕ, ɣ ]
ף פ 80 [ p, f ] [ p, f ] [ p, f ] [ f ] [ p, f ] [ p, ɸ ] [ p ]
ץ צ 90 [ ʦ ] [ ʦ ] [ ʦ ] [ s̴ ] (5) [ s̴ ] [ sˁ ] (6) [ ʦʼ, ʧʼ, t͡ɬʼ ] (7)
ק 100 [ k ] [ k ] [ k ] [ ɡ ] [ q ] [ q ] [ kʼ ] (7)
ר 200 [ ʁ ] [ ʀ ] [ r~ɾ ] [ r~ɾ ] [ ɾ ] [ ɾ ] [ ɾ ]
ש 300 [ ʃ, s ] [ ʃ, s ] [ ʃ, s ] [ ʃ, s ] [ ʃ, s ] [ ʃ, ɬ ] [ ʧ, t͡ɬ, s ]
ת 400 [ t ] [ t, s ] [ t̪, θ ] [ t̪, θ ] [ t̪, θ ] [ t̪, θ ] [ t̪ ]
[edit]
Notes
unwritten in initial and final positions, though often not written at all
unwritten in final positions
archaic
h initial or after consonants, ch everywhere else
velarized or pharyngealized
pharyngealized
sometimes said to be ejective but more likely glottalized.
i in final positions or before consonants
often not written at all

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Historically, the consonants ב bet, ג gimel, ד dalet, כ kaf, פ pe, and ת tav each had two sounds: one hard (plosive consonant), and one soft (fricative consonant), depending on the position of the letter and other factors. When vowel diacritics are used, the hard sounds are indicated by a central dot called dagesh (דגש), while the soft sounds lack a dagesh. In masoretic manuscripts, the soft fricative consonants are indicated by a small line on top of the letter; this diacritical mark is called raphe (רפה), but its use has been largely discontinued in printed texts.
א alef, ה he, ו vav and י yod are consonants that can sometimes fill the position of a vowel. vav and yod in particular are more often vowels than they are consonants.
ש shin and sin are two separate phonemes written with the same letter. They are not mutually allophonic. When vowel diacritics are used, the two phonemes are differentiated with a shin-dot or sin-dot; the shin-dot is above the upper-right side of the letter, and sin-dot is above the upper-left side of the letter.
In Israel's general population, many consonants have merged to the same pronunciation. They are:
א alef with ayin and (varyingly) ה he
ב bet (without dagesh) with ו vav
ח het with כ kaf (without dagesh)
ט tet with ת tav (both with and without dagesh)
כ kaf (with dagesh) with ק qof
ס samekh with שׂ sin (but not with שׁ shin)
צ tsadi with the consonant cluster תס tav-samekh
[edit]
Vowel formation
Some of the letters, as well as their consonantal function, also acted as matres lectionis to represent vowels, as follows:

Symbol Name Vowel formation
א alef ê, ệ, ậ, â, ô
ה he ê, ệ, ậ, â, ô
ו vav ô, û
י yod î, ê, ệ
[edit]
Ancient Hebrew
Some of the variations in sound mentioned above are due to a systematic feature of Ancient Hebrew. The six consonants /p t k b d g/ were pronounced differently depending on their position. These letters were also called BeGeDKePHaT (pronounced /beɪgɛd'kɛfɛt/) letters. (The full details are very complex; this summary omits some points.) They were pronounced as stops [p t k b d g] at the beginning of a syllable, or when doubled. They were pronounced as fricatives [p̄ ṯ ḵ ḇ ḏ ḡ] — IPA [f θ x v ð ɣ] when preceded by a vowel. The stop and double pronunciations were indicated by the dagesh. In Modern Hebrew the sounds [ḏ] and [ḡ] have reverted to [d] and [g], and [ṯ] has become [t], so only the remaining three letters show variation.

ו vav was a semivowel /w/ (as in English, not as in German).

ח het and ע ayin were pharyngeal fricatives, צ tsadi was an emphatic /s/, ט tet was an emphatic /t/, and ק qof was /q/. All these are common Semitic consonants.

שׂ sin (the /s/ variant of ש shin) was originally different from both שׁ shin and ס samekh, but had become /s/ the same as ס samekh by the time the vowel pointing was devised. Because of cognates with other Semitic languages, this phoneme is known to have originally been a lateral consonant, most likely IPA the fricative /ɬ/ (as in Welsh /ll/) or the affricate /tɬ/ (as in Náhuatl /tl/).

[edit]
History
Archeological evidence indicates that the original Hebrew script is related to the Phoenician script that was in wide use in the Middle East region at the end of the 2nd millennium BCE. Eventually this alphabet evolved in Europe into the Greek and Roman alphabets. This script was borrowed by the Hebrews during the 12th or 11th century BCE, and around the 9th century BCE, a distinct Hebrew variant, the original "Hebrew script", emerged. This script was widely used in the ancient kingdoms of Israel and Judah until they fell in the 8th and 6th centuries BCE, respectively.

Following the Babylonian exile, Jews gradually stopped using the Hebrew script, and instead adopted the Babylonian Aramaic script (which was also originally derived from the Phoenician script). This script, used for writing Hebrew, later evolved into the Jewish, or "square" script, that is still used today. "Square"-related scripts were in use all over the Middle East for several hundred years, but following the rise of Christianity (and later, the rise of Islam), they gave way to the Roman and Arabic alphabets, respectively. According to traditional Jewish thought, the Hebrew writing system contained all the current letters at the time of Moses, although Ezra is known for his contribution to the square form.

Following the decline of Hebrew and Aramaic as the spoken languages of the Jews, the Hebrew alphabet was adopted in order to write down the languages of the Jewish diaspora (Karaim, Judæo-Arabic, Ladino, Yiddish, etc.). The Hebrew alphabet was retained as the alphabet used for writing down the Hebrew language during its rebirth in the end of the 19th century, despite several unsuccessful attempts to replace it with the Latin alphabet.

[edit]
Unicode Table
The Unicode Hebrew block extends from U+0590 to U+05FF. It includes letters, ligatures, combining diacritical marks (niqqud and cantillation marks) and punctuation.

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F
590 ֐ ֑ ֒ ֓ ֔ ֕ ֖ ֗ ֘ ֙ ֚ ֛ ֜ ֝ ֞ ֟
5A0 Ö  Ö¡ Ö¢ Ö£ Ö¤ Ö¥ Ö¦ Ö§ Ö¨ Ö© Öª Ö« Ö¬ Ö­ Ö® Ö¯
5B0 Ö° Ö± Ö² Ö³ Ö´ Öµ Ö¶ Ö· Ö¸ Ö¹ Öº Ö» Ö¼ Ö½ Ö¾ Ö¿
5C0 ׀ ׁ ׂ ׃ ׄ ׅ ׆ ׇ ׈ ׉ ׊ ׋ ׌ ׍ ׎ ׏
5D0 א ב ג ד ה ו ז ח ט י ך כ ל ם מ ן
5E0 נ ס ע ף פ ץ צ ק ר ש ת ׫ ׬ ׭ ׮ ׯ
5F0 װ ױ ײ ׳ ״ ׵ ׶ ׷ ׸ ׹ ׺ ׻ ׼ ׽ ׾ ׿

Note: The codes װ ױ ײ are intended for Yiddish. They are not used in Hebrew.

[edit]
HTML Code Table
Alef-Bet

ג ב בּ א
ג ב בּ א
ז ו ה ד
ז ו ה ד
כּ י ט ח
(כּ) י ט ח
מ ל ך כ
מ ל ך כ
ס ן נ ם
ס ן נ ם
ף פ פּ ע
ף פ (פּ) ע
ר ק ץ צ
ר ק ץ צ
ת תּ שׂ שׁ
ת (תּ) שׂ שׁ


Vowels and Unique Characters

Short/Hard Long/Soft
( Ö· ) ( Ö¸ )
ַ ָ
( Öµ ) ( Ö¶ )
ֵ ֶ
וֹ ( ֹ )
וֹ ֹ
וּ ( ֻ )
וּ ֻ
( ִ ) Letter Yud ( י )
ִ &amp1497;
Shva Nach ( Ö° ) Shva Nah ( Ö° )
ְ ְ
Dagesh ( Ö¼ )
ּ

[Beards]

Bismillah,

My wife was over twenty when I married her. And the next one is also over twenty.
But why bring honourable married women into the discussion?
You can't differentiate between evil and good???

[1nemansquad]

Beards you and your wife both got raped by Al-sharon

Hebrew alphabet
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
edit History of the Alphabet
Wadi el-Hol 19th c. BC
Proto-Canaanite 14th c. BC

Ugaritic 13th c. BC
Phoenician 11th c. BC
Paleo-Hebrew 9th c. BC
Samaritan 6th c. BC
Aramaic 9th c. BC
Hebrew 3rd c. BC
Avestan 3th c.
Brahmi 3rd c. BC
Syriac 2nd c. BC
Arabic 4th c.
Greek 8th c. BC
Old Italic 8th c. BC
Runes 2nd c.
Latin 7th c. BC
Gothic 4th c.
Armenian 405
Glagolitic 862
Cyrillic 10th c.
South Arabian 9th c. BC
Ethiopic 3rd-4th c.

Meroitic 3rd c. BC
Note: This article contains special characters.
This article is mainly about Hebrew letters. For Hebrew diacritical marks, see niqqud (for the vowel points) and cantillation.
The Hebrew alphabet is a set of 22 letters used for writing the Hebrew language. It has also been used in mildly adapted forms for writing several languages of the Jewish diaspora, most famously Yiddish, Ladino, and Judaeo-Arabic (for a full and detailed list, see Jewish languages). Hebrew is written from right to left.

The Hebrew word for "alphabet" is אלף-בית (alef-bet), named after the first two letters of the Hebrew alphabet. The Hebrew alphabet was in origin an abjad, in other words it had letters for consonants only, but means were later devised to indicate vowels, first by using consonant letters as matres lectionis, later by separate vowel points or nikud.

The number of letters in the Hebrew alphabet, their order, their names, and their phonetic values are virtually identical to those of the Aramaic alphabet, as both Hebrews and Arameans borrowed the Phoenician alphabet for their uses during the end of the 2nd millennium BC.

The modern script used for writing Hebrew (usually called the Jewish script by scholars, and also traditionally known as the square script, or the Assyrian script), evolved during the 3rd century BC from the Aramaic script, which was used by Jews for writing Hebrew since the 6th century BC. Prior to that, Hebrew was written using the old Hebrew script, which evolved during the 9th century BC from the Phoenician script; the Samaritans still write Hebrew in a variant of this script for religious works (see Samaritan alphabet).

Contents [hide]
1 Short table
2 Description
3 Main table
3.1 Name and transliteration
3.2 Numerical value and pronunciation
3.3 Notes
3.4 Vowel formation
3.5 Ancient Hebrew
4 History
5 Unicode Table
6 HTML Code Table
7 See also
8 External links



[edit]
Short table
The Hebrew alphabet consists of the following letters. Some letters have a different form used at the ends of words: these are shown in the table below the normal form.

Alef Bet/Vet Gimel Dalet He Vav Zayin Het Tet Yod Kaf/Chaf
א א ב ב ג ג ד ד ה ה ו ו ז ז ח ח ט ט י י כ כ
ך ך
Lamed Mem Nun Samekh Ayin Pe/Fe Tsadi Qof Resh Shin/Sin Tav
ל ל מ מ נ נ ס ס ע ע פ פ צ צ ק ק ר ר ש ש ת ת
ם ם ן ן ף ף ץ ץ
[edit]
Description
Both the old Hebrew script and the modern Jewish script have only one case, but in the modern script some letters have special final forms used only at the end of a word. This is similar to the Arabic alphabet, although much simpler. The Hebrew alphabet is an abjad: vowels are normally not indicated. Where they are it is because a weak consonant such as א alef, ה he, ו vav, or י yod has combined with a previous vowel and become silent or by imitation of such cases in spelling of other forms.

To preserve the proper vowel sounds, scholars developed several different sets of diacritic symbols called nikud (ניקוד; literally: "applying points"). One of these, the Tiberian system, eventually prevailed. Aaron ben Moses ben Asher, and his family for several generations, are credited for creating and maintaining the system. These points are normally used only for special purposes, such as Biblical books intended for study, in poetry, or when teaching the language to children. The Tiberian system also includes a set of cantillation marks used to indicate how scriptural passages should be chanted, and decorative "crowns" used only for Torah scrolls.

Hebrew letters may also be used as numbers; see the entry on Hebrew numerals. This use of letters as numbers is used in Kabbalah (Jewish mysticism) in a practice known as gematria.

[edit]
Main table
The following table is a breakdown of each letter in the Hebrew alphabet, describing its written glyph or glyphs, its name or names, its Latin script transliteration values used in academic work, and its pronunciation in reconstructed historical forms and dialects using the International Phonetic Alphabet. If two glyphs are shown for a letter, then the left-most glyph is the Final form of the letter (or right-most glyph if your browser doesn't support right-to-left text layout).

[edit]
Name and transliteration
Symbol Name Transliteration
Academic Uni-
code Stan-
dard Israeli Ash-
kenazi Academic Israeli
Uni-
code Font-friendly ISO-8859-1-friendly Uni-
code Font-friendly ISO-8859-1-friendly
א ʾā́lep̄ ’āleph 'àleph alef alef alef ʾ ’ ' ' (1)
ב bêṯ, ḇêṯ bêth, bhêth bêth, bhêth bet bet, vet beis, veis b, ḇ b, bh b, bh b, v
ג gímmel, ḡímel gímel, ghímel gímel, ghímel gimel gimel gimmel g, ḡ g, gh g, gh g
ד dā́leṯ, ḏā́leṯ dāleth, dhāleth dàleth, dhàleth dalet dalet doles d, ḏ d, dh d, dh d
ה ? hê hê he he, hei, e, ei hei h, Ḏ ? ? h (2)
ו wāw wāw wàw vav vav vov, vof ? w w v
ז ? záyin záyin zayin zayin zayin ? z z ?
ח ḥêṯ, (3) ḫêṯ ħêth, (3) xêth h`êth, (3) xêth het chet ches ḥ, (3) ḫ ħ, (3) x h`, (3) x kh, ch (4)
ט ṭêṯ ţêth t`êth tet tet tes ṭ ţ t` t
י yôḏ yôdh yôdh yod yod, yud yud ? y y y, i (8)
ך כ kāp̄, ḵāp̄ kāph, khāph kàph, khàph kaf kaf, chaf kof, chof k, ḵ k, kh k, kh k, ch
ל lā́meḏ lāmedh làmedh lamed lamed lomed ? l l l
ם מ mēm mēm mèm mem mem mem ? m m m
ן נ ? nûn nûn nun nun nun ? n n n
ס sā́mekh sāmekh sàmekh samekh samech somech ? s s s
ע ʿáyin, (3) ġáyin ‘áyin, (3) ġáyin `áyin, (3) 3áyin ayin ayin ayin, oyin ʿ, (3) ġ ‘, (3) ġ `, (3) 3 ' (9)
ף פ pê, p̄ê pê, phê pê, phê pe pe, pei, fe/fei pei, fei p, p̄ p, ph p, ph p, f
ץ צ ṣāḏê şādhê s`àdhê tsadi tzadi, tzadik tsodi, tsodik ṣ ş s` tz, ts, z
ק ? qôph qôph qof kof, kuf kuf ? k k q
ר rêš rêš rêsh resh resh, reish reish ? r r r
ש šîn, śîn šîn, śîn shîn, lhîn shin shin, sin shin, sin š, ś š, ś sh, lh sh, s
ת tāw, ṯāw tāw, thāw tàw, thàw tav tav, taf tov, tof, sov, sof t, ṯ t, th t, th t
[edit]
Numerical value and pronunciation
Symbol Numerical
Value Pronunciation (IPA)
Modern Israeli Ashkenazi Sephardi Yemenite Tiberian Reconstructed
Mishnaic Biblical
א 1 [ ʔ, - ] silent [ ʔ, - ] [ ʔ, - ] [ ʔ, - ] [ ʔ, - ] [ ʔ ]
ב 2 [ b, v ] [ b, v~v̥ ] [ b, b~β~v ] [ b ] [ b, v ] [ b, β ] [ b ]
ג 3 [ ɡ ] [ ɡ~ɡ̊ ] [ ɡ, ɡ~ɣ ] [ ʤ, ɣ ] [ ɡ, ɣ ] [ ɡ, ɣ ] [ ɡ ]
ד 4 [ d ] [ d~d̥ ] [ d̪~ð ] [ d̪, ð ] [ d̪, ð ] [ d̪, ð ] [ d̪ ]
ה 5 [ h~ʔ, - ] [ h, - ] [ h, - ] [ h, - ] [ h, - ] [ h, - ] [ h ]
ו 6 [ v ] [ v~v̥ ] [ v ] [ w ] [ w ] [ w ] [ w ]
ז 7 [ z ] [ z~z̥ ] [ z ] [ z ] [ z ] [ z ] [ dz ]
ח 8 [ x~ħ ] [ x ] [ ħ ] [ ħ ] [ ħ ] [ ħ, x ] [ ħ, x ]
ט 9 [ t ] [ t ] [ t̪ ] [ t̴̪ ] (5) [ t̴̪ ] [ t̪ˁ ] (6) [ t̪ʼ ] (7)
י 10 [ j ] [ j ] [ j ] [ j ] [ j ] [ j ] [ j ]
ך כ 20 [ k, x ] [ k, x ] [ k, x ] [ k, x ] [ k, x ] [ k, x ] [ k ]
ל 30 [ l ] [ l~ɫ ] [ l ] [ l ] [ l ] [ l ] [ l ]
ם מ 40 [ m ] [ m ] [ m ] [ m ] [ m ] [ m ] [ m ]
ן נ 50 [ n ] [ n ] [ n̪ ] [ n̪ ] [ n̪ ] [ n̪ ] [ n̪ ]
ס 60 [ s ] [ s ] [ s ] [ s ] [ s ] [ s ] [ ts ]
ע 70 [ ʔ ~ ʕ, – ] silent [ ʕ, ŋ, – ] [ ʕ ] [ ʕ ] [ ʕ, ɣ ] [ ʕ, ɣ ]
ף פ 80 [ p, f ] [ p, f ] [ p, f ] [ f ] [ p, f ] [ p, ɸ ] [ p ]
ץ צ 90 [ ʦ ] [ ʦ ] [ ʦ ] [ s̴ ] (5) [ s̴ ] [ sˁ ] (6) [ ʦʼ, ʧʼ, t͡ɬʼ ] (7)
ק 100 [ k ] [ k ] [ k ] [ ɡ ] [ q ] [ q ] [ kʼ ] (7)
ר 200 [ ʁ ] [ ʀ ] [ r~ɾ ] [ r~ɾ ] [ ɾ ] [ ɾ ] [ ɾ ]
ש 300 [ ʃ, s ] [ ʃ, s ] [ ʃ, s ] [ ʃ, s ] [ ʃ, s ] [ ʃ, ɬ ] [ ʧ, t͡ɬ, s ]
ת 400 [ t ] [ t, s ] [ t̪, θ ] [ t̪, θ ] [ t̪, θ ] [ t̪, θ ] [ t̪ ]
[edit]
Notes
unwritten in initial and final positions, though often not written at all
unwritten in final positions
archaic
h initial or after consonants, ch everywhere else
velarized or pharyngealized
pharyngealized
sometimes said to be ejective but more likely glottalized.
i in final positions or before consonants
often not written at all

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Historically, the consonants ב bet, ג gimel, ד dalet, כ kaf, פ pe, and ת tav each had two sounds: one hard (plosive consonant), and one soft (fricative consonant), depending on the position of the letter and other factors. When vowel diacritics are used, the hard sounds are indicated by a central dot called dagesh (דגש), while the soft sounds lack a dagesh. In masoretic manuscripts, the soft fricative consonants are indicated by a small line on top of the letter; this diacritical mark is called raphe (רפה), but its use has been largely discontinued in printed texts.
א alef, ה he, ו vav and י yod are consonants that can sometimes fill the position of a vowel. vav and yod in particular are more often vowels than they are consonants.
ש shin and sin are two separate phonemes written with the same letter. They are not mutually allophonic. When vowel diacritics are used, the two phonemes are differentiated with a shin-dot or sin-dot; the shin-dot is above the upper-right side of the letter, and sin-dot is above the upper-left side of the letter.
In Israel's general population, many consonants have merged to the same pronunciation. They are:
א alef with ayin and (varyingly) ה he
ב bet (without dagesh) with ו vav
ח het with כ kaf (without dagesh)
ט tet with ת tav (both with and without dagesh)
כ kaf (with dagesh) with ק qof
ס samekh with שׂ sin (but not with שׁ shin)
צ tsadi with the consonant cluster תס tav-samekh
[edit]
Vowel formation
Some of the letters, as well as their consonantal function, also acted as matres lectionis to represent vowels, as follows:

Symbol Name Vowel formation
א alef ê, ệ, ậ, â, ô
ה he ê, ệ, ậ, â, ô
ו vav ô, û
י yod î, ê, ệ
[edit]
Ancient Hebrew
Some of the variations in sound mentioned above are due to a systematic feature of Ancient Hebrew. The six consonants /p t k b d g/ were pronounced differently depending on their position. These letters were also called BeGeDKePHaT (pronounced /beɪgɛd'kɛfɛt/) letters. (The full details are very complex; this summary omits some points.) They were pronounced as stops [p t k b d g] at the beginning of a syllable, or when doubled. They were pronounced as fricatives [p̄ ṯ ḵ ḇ ḏ ḡ] — IPA [f θ x v ð ɣ] when preceded by a vowel. The stop and double pronunciations were indicated by the dagesh. In Modern Hebrew the sounds [ḏ] and [ḡ] have reverted to [d] and [g], and [ṯ] has become [t], so only the remaining three letters show variation.

ו vav was a semivowel /w/ (as in English, not as in German).

ח het and ע ayin were pharyngeal fricatives, צ tsadi was an emphatic /s/, ט tet was an emphatic /t/, and ק qof was /q/. All these are common Semitic consonants.

שׂ sin (the /s/ variant of ש shin) was originally different from both שׁ shin and ס samekh, but had become /s/ the same as ס samekh by the time the vowel pointing was devised. Because of cognates with other Semitic languages, this phoneme is known to have originally been a lateral consonant, most likely IPA the fricative /ɬ/ (as in Welsh /ll/) or the affricate /tɬ/ (as in Náhuatl /tl/).

[edit]
History
Archeological evidence indicates that the original Hebrew script is related to the Phoenician script that was in wide use in the Middle East region at the end of the 2nd millennium BCE. Eventually this alphabet evolved in Europe into the Greek and Roman alphabets. This script was borrowed by the Hebrews during the 12th or 11th century BCE, and around the 9th century BCE, a distinct Hebrew variant, the original "Hebrew script", emerged. This script was widely used in the ancient kingdoms of Israel and Judah until they fell in the 8th and 6th centuries BCE, respectively.

Following the Babylonian exile, Jews gradually stopped using the Hebrew script, and instead adopted the Babylonian Aramaic script (which was also originally derived from the Phoenician script). This script, used for writing Hebrew, later evolved into the Jewish, or "square" script, that is still used today. "Square"-related scripts were in use all over the Middle East for several hundred years, but following the rise of Christianity (and later, the rise of Islam), they gave way to the Roman and Arabic alphabets, respectively. According to traditional Jewish thought, the Hebrew writing system contained all the current letters at the time of Moses, although Ezra is known for his contribution to the square form.

Following the decline of Hebrew and Aramaic as the spoken languages of the Jews, the Hebrew alphabet was adopted in order to write down the languages of the Jewish diaspora (Karaim, Judæo-Arabic, Ladino, Yiddish, etc.). The Hebrew alphabet was retained as the alphabet used for writing down the Hebrew language during its rebirth in the end of the 19th century, despite several unsuccessful attempts to replace it with the Latin alphabet.

[edit]
Unicode Table
The Unicode Hebrew block extends from U+0590 to U+05FF. It includes letters, ligatures, combining diacritical marks (niqqud and cantillation marks) and punctuation.

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F
590 ֐ ֑ ֒ ֓ ֔ ֕ ֖ ֗ ֘ ֙ ֚ ֛ ֜ ֝ ֞ ֟
5A0 Ö  Ö¡ Ö¢ Ö£ Ö¤ Ö¥ Ö¦ Ö§ Ö¨ Ö© Öª Ö« Ö¬ Ö­ Ö® Ö¯
5B0 Ö° Ö± Ö² Ö³ Ö´ Öµ Ö¶ Ö· Ö¸ Ö¹ Öº Ö» Ö¼ Ö½ Ö¾ Ö¿
5C0 ׀ ׁ ׂ ׃ ׄ ׅ ׆ ׇ ׈ ׉ ׊ ׋ ׌ ׍ ׎ ׏
5D0 א ב ג ד ה ו ז ח ט י ך כ ל ם מ ן
5E0 נ ס ע ף פ ץ צ ק ר ש ת ׫ ׬ ׭ ׮ ׯ
5F0 װ ױ ײ ׳ ״ ׵ ׶ ׷ ׸ ׹ ׺ ׻ ׼ ׽ ׾ ׿

Note: The codes װ ױ ײ are intended for Yiddish. They are not used in Hebrew.

[edit]
HTML Code Table
Alef-Bet

ג ב בּ א
ג ב בּ א
ז ו ה ד
ז ו ה ד
כּ י ט ח
(כּ) י ט ח
מ ל ך כ
מ ל ך כ
ס ן נ ם
ס ן נ ם
ף פ פּ ע
ף פ (פּ) ע
ר ק ץ צ
ר ק ץ צ
ת תּ שׂ שׁ
ת (תּ) שׂ שׁ


Vowels and Unique Characters

Short/Hard Long/Soft
( Ö· ) ( Ö¸ )
ַ ָ
( Öµ ) ( Ö¶ )
ֵ ֶ
וֹ ( ֹ )
וֹ ֹ
וּ ( ֻ )
וּ ֻ
( ִ ) Letter Yud ( י )
ִ &amp1497;
Shva Nach ( Ö° ) Shva Nah ( Ö° )
ְ ְ
Dagesh ( Ö¼ )
ּ

[Intruder]

Beards,
BismKusUmak,
I see you are emphasizing that she is over 20 years old, you must be saying that marrying a 9 year old is a bad thing, are you being critical of the Prophet?

[1nemansquad]

Hebrew alphabet
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
edit History of the Alphabet
Wadi el-Hol 19th c. BC
Proto-Canaanite 14th c. BC

Ugaritic 13th c. BC
Phoenician 11th c. BC
Paleo-Hebrew 9th c. BC
Samaritan 6th c. BC
Aramaic 9th c. BC
Hebrew 3rd c. BC
Avestan 3th c.
Brahmi 3rd c. BC
Syriac 2nd c. BC
Arabic 4th c.
Greek 8th c. BC
Old Italic 8th c. BC
Runes 2nd c.
Latin 7th c. BC
Gothic 4th c.
Armenian 405
Glagolitic 862
Cyrillic 10th c.
South Arabian 9th c. BC
Ethiopic 3rd-4th c.

Meroitic 3rd c. BC
Note: This article contains special characters.
This article is mainly about Hebrew letters. For Hebrew diacritical marks, see niqqud (for the vowel points) and cantillation.
The Hebrew alphabet is a set of 22 letters used for writing the Hebrew language. It has also been used in mildly adapted forms for writing several languages of the Jewish diaspora, most famously Yiddish, Ladino, and Judaeo-Arabic (for a full and detailed list, see Jewish languages). Hebrew is written from right to left.

The Hebrew word for "alphabet" is אלף-בית (alef-bet), named after the first two letters of the Hebrew alphabet. The Hebrew alphabet was in origin an abjad, in other words it had letters for consonants only, but means were later devised to indicate vowels, first by using consonant letters as matres lectionis, later by separate vowel points or nikud.

The number of letters in the Hebrew alphabet, their order, their names, and their phonetic values are virtually identical to those of the Aramaic alphabet, as both Hebrews and Arameans borrowed the Phoenician alphabet for their uses during the end of the 2nd millennium BC.

The modern script used for writing Hebrew (usually called the Jewish script by scholars, and also traditionally known as the square script, or the Assyrian script), evolved during the 3rd century BC from the Aramaic script, which was used by Jews for writing Hebrew since the 6th century BC. Prior to that, Hebrew was written using the old Hebrew script, which evolved during the 9th century BC from the Phoenician script; the Samaritans still write Hebrew in a variant of this script for religious works (see Samaritan alphabet).

Contents [hide]
1 Short table
2 Description
3 Main table
3.1 Name and transliteration
3.2 Numerical value and pronunciation
3.3 Notes
3.4 Vowel formation
3.5 Ancient Hebrew
4 History
5 Unicode Table
6 HTML Code Table
7 See also
8 External links



[edit]
Short table
The Hebrew alphabet consists of the following letters. Some letters have a different form used at the ends of words: these are shown in the table below the normal form.

Alef Bet/Vet Gimel Dalet He Vav Zayin Het Tet Yod Kaf/Chaf
א א ב ב ג ג ד ד ה ה ו ו ז ז ח ח ט ט י י כ כ
ך ך
Lamed Mem Nun Samekh Ayin Pe/Fe Tsadi Qof Resh Shin/Sin Tav
ל ל מ מ נ נ ס ס ע ע פ פ צ צ ק ק ר ר ש ש ת ת
ם ם ן ן ף ף ץ ץ
[edit]
Description
Both the old Hebrew script and the modern Jewish script have only one case, but in the modern script some letters have special final forms used only at the end of a word. This is similar to the Arabic alphabet, although much simpler. The Hebrew alphabet is an abjad: vowels are normally not indicated. Where they are it is because a weak consonant such as א alef, ה he, ו vav, or י yod has combined with a previous vowel and become silent or by imitation of such cases in spelling of other forms.

To preserve the proper vowel sounds, scholars developed several different sets of diacritic symbols called nikud (ניקוד; literally: "applying points"). One of these, the Tiberian system, eventually prevailed. Aaron ben Moses ben Asher, and his family for several generations, are credited for creating and maintaining the system. These points are normally used only for special purposes, such as Biblical books intended for study, in poetry, or when teaching the language to children. The Tiberian system also includes a set of cantillation marks used to indicate how scriptural passages should be chanted, and decorative "crowns" used only for Torah scrolls.

Hebrew letters may also be used as numbers; see the entry on Hebrew numerals. This use of letters as numbers is used in Kabbalah (Jewish mysticism) in a practice known as gematria.

[edit]
Main table
The following table is a breakdown of each letter in the Hebrew alphabet, describing its written glyph or glyphs, its name or names, its Latin script transliteration values used in academic work, and its pronunciation in reconstructed historical forms and dialects using the International Phonetic Alphabet. If two glyphs are shown for a letter, then the left-most glyph is the Final form of the letter (or right-most glyph if your browser doesn't support right-to-left text layout).

[edit]
Name and transliteration
Symbol Name Transliteration
Academic Uni-
code Stan-
dard Israeli Ash-
kenazi Academic Israeli
Uni-
code Font-friendly ISO-8859-1-friendly Uni-
code Font-friendly ISO-8859-1-friendly
א ʾā́lep̄ ’āleph 'àleph alef alef alef ʾ ’ ' ' (1)
ב bêṯ, ḇêṯ bêth, bhêth bêth, bhêth bet bet, vet beis, veis b, ḇ b, bh b, bh b, v
ג gímmel, ḡímel gímel, ghímel gímel, ghímel gimel gimel gimmel g, ḡ g, gh g, gh g
ד dā́leṯ, ḏā́leṯ dāleth, dhāleth dàleth, dhàleth dalet dalet doles d, ḏ d, dh d, dh d
ה ? hê hê he he, hei, e, ei hei h, Ḏ ? ? h (2)
ו wāw wāw wàw vav vav vov, vof ? w w v
ז ? záyin záyin zayin zayin zayin ? z z ?
ח ḥêṯ, (3) ḫêṯ ħêth, (3) xêth h`êth, (3) xêth het chet ches ḥ, (3) ḫ ħ, (3) x h`, (3) x kh, ch (4)
ט ṭêṯ ţêth t`êth tet tet tes ṭ ţ t` t
י yôḏ yôdh yôdh yod yod, yud yud ? y y y, i (8)
ך כ kāp̄, ḵāp̄ kāph, khāph kàph, khàph kaf kaf, chaf kof, chof k, ḵ k, kh k, kh k, ch
ל lā́meḏ lāmedh làmedh lamed lamed lomed ? l l l
ם מ mēm mēm mèm mem mem mem ? m m m
ן נ ? nûn nûn nun nun nun ? n n n
ס sā́mekh sāmekh sàmekh samekh samech somech ? s s s
ע ʿáyin, (3) ġáyin ‘áyin, (3) ġáyin `áyin, (3) 3áyin ayin ayin ayin, oyin ʿ, (3) ġ ‘, (3) ġ `, (3) 3 ' (9)
ף פ pê, p̄ê pê, phê pê, phê pe pe, pei, fe/fei pei, fei p, p̄ p, ph p, ph p, f
ץ צ ṣāḏê şādhê s`àdhê tsadi tzadi, tzadik tsodi, tsodik ṣ ş s` tz, ts, z
ק ? qôph qôph qof kof, kuf kuf ? k k q
ר rêš rêš rêsh resh resh, reish reish ? r r r
ש šîn, śîn šîn, śîn shîn, lhîn shin shin, sin shin, sin š, ś š, ś sh, lh sh, s
ת tāw, ṯāw tāw, thāw tàw, thàw tav tav, taf tov, tof, sov, sof t, ṯ t, th t, th t
[edit]
Numerical value and pronunciation
Symbol Numerical
Value Pronunciation (IPA)
Modern Israeli Ashkenazi Sephardi Yemenite Tiberian Reconstructed
Mishnaic Biblical
א 1 [ ʔ, - ] silent [ ʔ, - ] [ ʔ, - ] [ ʔ, - ] [ ʔ, - ] [ ʔ ]
ב 2 [ b, v ] [ b, v~v̥ ] [ b, b~β~v ] [ b ] [ b, v ] [ b, β ] [ b ]
ג 3 [ ɡ ] [ ɡ~ɡ̊ ] [ ɡ, ɡ~ɣ ] [ ʤ, ɣ ] [ ɡ, ɣ ] [ ɡ, ɣ ] [ ɡ ]
ד 4 [ d ] [ d~d̥ ] [ d̪~ð ] [ d̪, ð ] [ d̪, ð ] [ d̪, ð ] [ d̪ ]
ה 5 [ h~ʔ, - ] [ h, - ] [ h, - ] [ h, - ] [ h, - ] [ h, - ] [ h ]
ו 6 [ v ] [ v~v̥ ] [ v ] [ w ] [ w ] [ w ] [ w ]
ז 7 [ z ] [ z~z̥ ] [ z ] [ z ] [ z ] [ z ] [ dz ]
ח 8 [ x~ħ ] [ x ] [ ħ ] [ ħ ] [ ħ ] [ ħ, x ] [ ħ, x ]
ט 9 [ t ] [ t ] [ t̪ ] [ t̴̪ ] (5) [ t̴̪ ] [ t̪ˁ ] (6) [ t̪ʼ ] (7)
י 10 [ j ] [ j ] [ j ] [ j ] [ j ] [ j ] [ j ]
ך כ 20 [ k, x ] [ k, x ] [ k, x ] [ k, x ] [ k, x ] [ k, x ] [ k ]
ל 30 [ l ] [ l~ɫ ] [ l ] [ l ] [ l ] [ l ] [ l ]
ם מ 40 [ m ] [ m ] [ m ] [ m ] [ m ] [ m ] [ m ]
ן נ 50 [ n ] [ n ] [ n̪ ] [ n̪ ] [ n̪ ] [ n̪ ] [ n̪ ]
ס 60 [ s ] [ s ] [ s ] [ s ] [ s ] [ s ] [ ts ]
ע 70 [ ʔ ~ ʕ, – ] silent [ ʕ, ŋ, – ] [ ʕ ] [ ʕ ] [ ʕ, ɣ ] [ ʕ, ɣ ]
ף פ 80 [ p, f ] [ p, f ] [ p, f ] [ f ] [ p, f ] [ p, ɸ ] [ p ]
ץ צ 90 [ ʦ ] [ ʦ ] [ ʦ ] [ s̴ ] (5) [ s̴ ] [ sˁ ] (6) [ ʦʼ, ʧʼ, t͡ɬʼ ] (7)
ק 100 [ k ] [ k ] [ k ] [ ɡ ] [ q ] [ q ] [ kʼ ] (7)
ר 200 [ ʁ ] [ ʀ ] [ r~ɾ ] [ r~ɾ ] [ ɾ ] [ ɾ ] [ ɾ ]
ש 300 [ ʃ, s ] [ ʃ, s ] [ ʃ, s ] [ ʃ, s ] [ ʃ, s ] [ ʃ, ɬ ] [ ʧ, t͡ɬ, s ]
ת 400 [ t ] [ t, s ] [ t̪, θ ] [ t̪, θ ] [ t̪, θ ] [ t̪, θ ] [ t̪ ]
[edit]
Notes
unwritten in initial and final positions, though often not written at all
unwritten in final positions
archaic
h initial or after consonants, ch everywhere else
velarized or pharyngealized
pharyngealized
sometimes said to be ejective but more likely glottalized.
i in final positions or before consonants
often not written at all

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Historically, the consonants ב bet, ג gimel, ד dalet, כ kaf, פ pe, and ת tav each had two sounds: one hard (plosive consonant), and one soft (fricative consonant), depending on the position of the letter and other factors. When vowel diacritics are used, the hard sounds are indicated by a central dot called dagesh (דגש), while the soft sounds lack a dagesh. In masoretic manuscripts, the soft fricative consonants are indicated by a small line on top of the letter; this diacritical mark is called raphe (רפה), but its use has been largely discontinued in printed texts.
א alef, ה he, ו vav and י yod are consonants that can sometimes fill the position of a vowel. vav and yod in particular are more often vowels than they are consonants.
ש shin and sin are two separate phonemes written with the same letter. They are not mutually allophonic. When vowel diacritics are used, the two phonemes are differentiated with a shin-dot or sin-dot; the shin-dot is above the upper-right side of the letter, and sin-dot is above the upper-left side of the letter.
In Israel's general population, many consonants have merged to the same pronunciation. They are:
א alef with ayin and (varyingly) ה he
ב bet (without dagesh) with ו vav
ח het with כ kaf (without dagesh)
ט tet with ת tav (both with and without dagesh)
כ kaf (with dagesh) with ק qof
ס samekh with שׂ sin (but not with שׁ shin)
צ tsadi with the consonant cluster תס tav-samekh
[edit]
Vowel formation
Some of the letters, as well as their consonantal function, also acted as matres lectionis to represent vowels, as follows:

Symbol Name Vowel formation
א alef ê, ệ, ậ, â, ô
ה he ê, ệ, ậ, â, ô
ו vav ô, û
י yod î, ê, ệ
[edit]
Ancient Hebrew
Some of the variations in sound mentioned above are due to a systematic feature of Ancient Hebrew. The six consonants /p t k b d g/ were pronounced differently depending on their position. These letters were also called BeGeDKePHaT (pronounced /beɪgɛd'kɛfɛt/) letters. (The full details are very complex; this summary omits some points.) They were pronounced as stops [p t k b d g] at the beginning of a syllable, or when doubled. They were pronounced as fricatives [p̄ ṯ ḵ ḇ ḏ ḡ] — IPA [f θ x v ð ɣ] when preceded by a vowel. The stop and double pronunciations were indicated by the dagesh. In Modern Hebrew the sounds [ḏ] and [ḡ] have reverted to [d] and [g], and [ṯ] has become [t], so only the remaining three letters show variation.

ו vav was a semivowel /w/ (as in English, not as in German).

ח het and ע ayin were pharyngeal fricatives, צ tsadi was an emphatic /s/, ט tet was an emphatic /t/, and ק qof was /q/. All these are common Semitic consonants.

שׂ sin (the /s/ variant of ש shin) was originally different from both שׁ shin and ס samekh, but had become /s/ the same as ס samekh by the time the vowel pointing was devised. Because of cognates with other Semitic languages, this phoneme is known to have originally been a lateral consonant, most likely IPA the fricative /ɬ/ (as in Welsh /ll/) or the affricate /tɬ/ (as in Náhuatl /tl/).

[edit]
History
Archeological evidence indicates that the original Hebrew script is related to the Phoenician script that was in wide use in the Middle East region at the end of the 2nd millennium BCE. Eventually this alphabet evolved in Europe into the Greek and Roman alphabets. This script was borrowed by the Hebrews during the 12th or 11th century BCE, and around the 9th century BCE, a distinct Hebrew variant, the original "Hebrew script", emerged. This script was widely used in the ancient kingdoms of Israel and Judah until they fell in the 8th and 6th centuries BCE, respectively.

Following the Babylonian exile, Jews gradually stopped using the Hebrew script, and instead adopted the Babylonian Aramaic script (which was also originally derived from the Phoenician script). This script, used for writing Hebrew, later evolved into the Jewish, or "square" script, that is still used today. "Square"-related scripts were in use all over the Middle East for several hundred years, but following the rise of Christianity (and later, the rise of Islam), they gave way to the Roman and Arabic alphabets, respectively. According to traditional Jewish thought, the Hebrew writing system contained all the current letters at the time of Moses, although Ezra is known for his contribution to the square form.

Following the decline of Hebrew and Aramaic as the spoken languages of the Jews, the Hebrew alphabet was adopted in order to write down the languages of the Jewish diaspora (Karaim, Judæo-Arabic, Ladino, Yiddish, etc.). The Hebrew alphabet was retained as the alphabet used for writing down the Hebrew language during its rebirth in the end of the 19th century, despite several unsuccessful attempts to replace it with the Latin alphabet.

[edit]
Unicode Table
The Unicode Hebrew block extends from U+0590 to U+05FF. It includes letters, ligatures, combining diacritical marks (niqqud and cantillation marks) and punctuation.

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F
590 ֐ ֑ ֒ ֓ ֔ ֕ ֖ ֗ ֘ ֙ ֚ ֛ ֜ ֝ ֞ ֟
5A0 Ö  Ö¡ Ö¢ Ö£ Ö¤ Ö¥ Ö¦ Ö§ Ö¨ Ö© Öª Ö« Ö¬ Ö­ Ö® Ö¯
5B0 Ö° Ö± Ö² Ö³ Ö´ Öµ Ö¶ Ö· Ö¸ Ö¹ Öº Ö» Ö¼ Ö½ Ö¾ Ö¿
5C0 ׀ ׁ ׂ ׃ ׄ ׅ ׆ ׇ ׈ ׉ ׊ ׋ ׌ ׍ ׎ ׏
5D0 א ב ג ד ה ו ז ח ט י ך כ ל ם מ ן
5E0 נ ס ע ף פ ץ צ ק ר ש ת ׫ ׬ ׭ ׮ ׯ
5F0 װ ױ ײ ׳ ״ ׵ ׶ ׷ ׸ ׹ ׺ ׻ ׼ ׽ ׾ ׿

Note: The codes װ ױ ײ are intended for Yiddish. They are not used in Hebrew.

[edit]
HTML Code Table
Alef-Bet

ג ב בּ א
ג ב בּ א
ז ו ה ד
ז ו ה ד
כּ י ט ח
(כּ) י ט ח
מ ל ך כ
מ ל ך כ
ס ן נ ם
ס ן נ ם
ף פ פּ ע
ף פ (פּ) ע
ר ק ץ צ
ר ק ץ צ
ת תּ שׂ שׁ
ת (תּ) שׂ שׁ


Vowels and Unique Characters

Short/Hard Long/Soft
( Ö· ) ( Ö¸ )
ַ ָ
( Öµ ) ( Ö¶ )
ֵ ֶ
וֹ ( ֹ )
וֹ ֹ
וּ ( ֻ )
וּ ֻ
( ִ ) Letter Yud ( י )
ִ &amp1497;
Shva Nach ( Ö° ) Shva Nah ( Ö° )
ְ ְ
Dagesh ( Ö¼ )
ּ

[LaYdEe_LuXiOuX]

Waryaa 1nemansquad Do U Believe In Da SayN '''Pay Back Is a Bitch'''
U r HijackN His Topic Coz Hes Dun Da Same Wit urs....
SOo Now Its Ur Turn eh.....Corrct Me If Im Rong!!

[1nemansquad]

you ain't wrong
and here's to show you that you ain't wrong

Hebrew alphabet
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
edit History of the Alphabet
Wadi el-Hol 19th c. BC
Proto-Canaanite 14th c. BC

Ugaritic 13th c. BC
Phoenician 11th c. BC
Paleo-Hebrew 9th c. BC
Samaritan 6th c. BC
Aramaic 9th c. BC
Hebrew 3rd c. BC
Avestan 3th c.
Brahmi 3rd c. BC
Syriac 2nd c. BC
Arabic 4th c.
Greek 8th c. BC
Old Italic 8th c. BC
Runes 2nd c.
Latin 7th c. BC
Gothic 4th c.
Armenian 405
Glagolitic 862
Cyrillic 10th c.
South Arabian 9th c. BC
Ethiopic 3rd-4th c.

Meroitic 3rd c. BC
Note: This article contains special characters.
This article is mainly about Hebrew letters. For Hebrew diacritical marks, see niqqud (for the vowel points) and cantillation.
The Hebrew alphabet is a set of 22 letters used for writing the Hebrew language. It has also been used in mildly adapted forms for writing several languages of the Jewish diaspora, most famously Yiddish, Ladino, and Judaeo-Arabic (for a full and detailed list, see Jewish languages). Hebrew is written from right to left.

The Hebrew word for "alphabet" is אלף-בית (alef-bet), named after the first two letters of the Hebrew alphabet. The Hebrew alphabet was in origin an abjad, in other words it had letters for consonants only, but means were later devised to indicate vowels, first by using consonant letters as matres lectionis, later by separate vowel points or nikud.

The number of letters in the Hebrew alphabet, their order, their names, and their phonetic values are virtually identical to those of the Aramaic alphabet, as both Hebrews and Arameans borrowed the Phoenician alphabet for their uses during the end of the 2nd millennium BC.

The modern script used for writing Hebrew (usually called the Jewish script by scholars, and also traditionally known as the square script, or the Assyrian script), evolved during the 3rd century BC from the Aramaic script, which was used by Jews for writing Hebrew since the 6th century BC. Prior to that, Hebrew was written using the old Hebrew script, which evolved during the 9th century BC from the Phoenician script; the Samaritans still write Hebrew in a variant of this script for religious works (see Samaritan alphabet).

Contents [hide]
1 Short table
2 Description
3 Main table
3.1 Name and transliteration
3.2 Numerical value and pronunciation
3.3 Notes
3.4 Vowel formation
3.5 Ancient Hebrew
4 History
5 Unicode Table
6 HTML Code Table
7 See also
8 External links



[edit]
Short table
The Hebrew alphabet consists of the following letters. Some letters have a different form used at the ends of words: these are shown in the table below the normal form.

Alef Bet/Vet Gimel Dalet He Vav Zayin Het Tet Yod Kaf/Chaf
א א ב ב ג ג ד ד ה ה ו ו ז ז ח ח ט ט י י כ כ
ך ך
Lamed Mem Nun Samekh Ayin Pe/Fe Tsadi Qof Resh Shin/Sin Tav
ל ל מ מ נ נ ס ס ע ע פ פ צ צ ק ק ר ר ש ש ת ת
ם ם ן ן ף ף ץ ץ
[edit]
Description
Both the old Hebrew script and the modern Jewish script have only one case, but in the modern script some letters have special final forms used only at the end of a word. This is similar to the Arabic alphabet, although much simpler. The Hebrew alphabet is an abjad: vowels are normally not indicated. Where they are it is because a weak consonant such as א alef, ה he, ו vav, or י yod has combined with a previous vowel and become silent or by imitation of such cases in spelling of other forms.

To preserve the proper vowel sounds, scholars developed several different sets of diacritic symbols called nikud (ניקוד; literally: "applying points"). One of these, the Tiberian system, eventually prevailed. Aaron ben Moses ben Asher, and his family for several generations, are credited for creating and maintaining the system. These points are normally used only for special purposes, such as Biblical books intended for study, in poetry, or when teaching the language to children. The Tiberian system also includes a set of cantillation marks used to indicate how scriptural passages should be chanted, and decorative "crowns" used only for Torah scrolls.

Hebrew letters may also be used as numbers; see the entry on Hebrew numerals. This use of letters as numbers is used in Kabbalah (Jewish mysticism) in a practice known as gematria.

[edit]
Main table
The following table is a breakdown of each letter in the Hebrew alphabet, describing its written glyph or glyphs, its name or names, its Latin script transliteration values used in academic work, and its pronunciation in reconstructed historical forms and dialects using the International Phonetic Alphabet. If two glyphs are shown for a letter, then the left-most glyph is the Final form of the letter (or right-most glyph if your browser doesn't support right-to-left text layout).

[edit]
Name and transliteration
Symbol Name Transliteration
Academic Uni-
code Stan-
dard Israeli Ash-
kenazi Academic Israeli
Uni-
code Font-friendly ISO-8859-1-friendly Uni-
code Font-friendly ISO-8859-1-friendly
א ʾā́lep̄ ’āleph 'àleph alef alef alef ʾ ’ ' ' (1)
ב bêṯ, ḇêṯ bêth, bhêth bêth, bhêth bet bet, vet beis, veis b, ḇ b, bh b, bh b, v
ג gímmel, ḡímel gímel, ghímel gímel, ghímel gimel gimel gimmel g, ḡ g, gh g, gh g
ד dā́leṯ, ḏā́leṯ dāleth, dhāleth dàleth, dhàleth dalet dalet doles d, ḏ d, dh d, dh d
ה ? hê hê he he, hei, e, ei hei h, Ḏ ? ? h (2)
ו wāw wāw wàw vav vav vov, vof ? w w v
ז ? záyin záyin zayin zayin zayin ? z z ?
ח ḥêṯ, (3) ḫêṯ ħêth, (3) xêth h`êth, (3) xêth het chet ches ḥ, (3) ḫ ħ, (3) x h`, (3) x kh, ch (4)
ט ṭêṯ ţêth t`êth tet tet tes ṭ ţ t` t
י yôḏ yôdh yôdh yod yod, yud yud ? y y y, i (8)
ך כ kāp̄, ḵāp̄ kāph, khāph kàph, khàph kaf kaf, chaf kof, chof k, ḵ k, kh k, kh k, ch
ל lā́meḏ lāmedh làmedh lamed lamed lomed ? l l l
ם מ mēm mēm mèm mem mem mem ? m m m
ן נ ? nûn nûn nun nun nun ? n n n
ס sā́mekh sāmekh sàmekh samekh samech somech ? s s s
ע ʿáyin, (3) ġáyin ‘áyin, (3) ġáyin `áyin, (3) 3áyin ayin ayin ayin, oyin ʿ, (3) ġ ‘, (3) ġ `, (3) 3 ' (9)
ף פ pê, p̄ê pê, phê pê, phê pe pe, pei, fe/fei pei, fei p, p̄ p, ph p, ph p, f
ץ צ ṣāḏê şādhê s`àdhê tsadi tzadi, tzadik tsodi, tsodik ṣ ş s` tz, ts, z
ק ? qôph qôph qof kof, kuf kuf ? k k q
ר rêš rêš rêsh resh resh, reish reish ? r r r
ש šîn, śîn šîn, śîn shîn, lhîn shin shin, sin shin, sin š, ś š, ś sh, lh sh, s
ת tāw, ṯāw tāw, thāw tàw, thàw tav tav, taf tov, tof, sov, sof t, ṯ t, th t, th t
[edit]
Numerical value and pronunciation
Symbol Numerical
Value Pronunciation (IPA)
Modern Israeli Ashkenazi Sephardi Yemenite Tiberian Reconstructed
Mishnaic Biblical
א 1 [ ʔ, - ] silent [ ʔ, - ] [ ʔ, - ] [ ʔ, - ] [ ʔ, - ] [ ʔ ]
ב 2 [ b, v ] [ b, v~v̥ ] [ b, b~β~v ] [ b ] [ b, v ] [ b, β ] [ b ]
ג 3 [ ɡ ] [ ɡ~ɡ̊ ] [ ɡ, ɡ~ɣ ] [ ʤ, ɣ ] [ ɡ, ɣ ] [ ɡ, ɣ ] [ ɡ ]
ד 4 [ d ] [ d~d̥ ] [ d̪~ð ] [ d̪, ð ] [ d̪, ð ] [ d̪, ð ] [ d̪ ]
ה 5 [ h~ʔ, - ] [ h, - ] [ h, - ] [ h, - ] [ h, - ] [ h, - ] [ h ]
ו 6 [ v ] [ v~v̥ ] [ v ] [ w ] [ w ] [ w ] [ w ]
ז 7 [ z ] [ z~z̥ ] [ z ] [ z ] [ z ] [ z ] [ dz ]
ח 8 [ x~ħ ] [ x ] [ ħ ] [ ħ ] [ ħ ] [ ħ, x ] [ ħ, x ]
ט 9 [ t ] [ t ] [ t̪ ] [ t̴̪ ] (5) [ t̴̪ ] [ t̪ˁ ] (6) [ t̪ʼ ] (7)
י 10 [ j ] [ j ] [ j ] [ j ] [ j ] [ j ] [ j ]
ך כ 20 [ k, x ] [ k, x ] [ k, x ] [ k, x ] [ k, x ] [ k, x ] [ k ]
ל 30 [ l ] [ l~ɫ ] [ l ] [ l ] [ l ] [ l ] [ l ]
ם מ 40 [ m ] [ m ] [ m ] [ m ] [ m ] [ m ] [ m ]
ן נ 50 [ n ] [ n ] [ n̪ ] [ n̪ ] [ n̪ ] [ n̪ ] [ n̪ ]
ס 60 [ s ] [ s ] [ s ] [ s ] [ s ] [ s ] [ ts ]
ע 70 [ ʔ ~ ʕ, – ] silent [ ʕ, ŋ, – ] [ ʕ ] [ ʕ ] [ ʕ, ɣ ] [ ʕ, ɣ ]
ף פ 80 [ p, f ] [ p, f ] [ p, f ] [ f ] [ p, f ] [ p, ɸ ] [ p ]
ץ צ 90 [ ʦ ] [ ʦ ] [ ʦ ] [ s̴ ] (5) [ s̴ ] [ sˁ ] (6) [ ʦʼ, ʧʼ, t͡ɬʼ ] (7)
ק 100 [ k ] [ k ] [ k ] [ ɡ ] [ q ] [ q ] [ kʼ ] (7)
ר 200 [ ʁ ] [ ʀ ] [ r~ɾ ] [ r~ɾ ] [ ɾ ] [ ɾ ] [ ɾ ]
ש 300 [ ʃ, s ] [ ʃ, s ] [ ʃ, s ] [ ʃ, s ] [ ʃ, s ] [ ʃ, ɬ ] [ ʧ, t͡ɬ, s ]
ת 400 [ t ] [ t, s ] [ t̪, θ ] [ t̪, θ ] [ t̪, θ ] [ t̪, θ ] [ t̪ ]
[edit]
Notes
unwritten in initial and final positions, though often not written at all
unwritten in final positions
archaic
h initial or after consonants, ch everywhere else
velarized or pharyngealized
pharyngealized
sometimes said to be ejective but more likely glottalized.
i in final positions or before consonants
often not written at all

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Historically, the consonants ב bet, ג gimel, ד dalet, כ kaf, פ pe, and ת tav each had two sounds: one hard (plosive consonant), and one soft (fricative consonant), depending on the position of the letter and other factors. When vowel diacritics are used, the hard sounds are indicated by a central dot called dagesh (דגש), while the soft sounds lack a dagesh. In masoretic manuscripts, the soft fricative consonants are indicated by a small line on top of the letter; this diacritical mark is called raphe (רפה), but its use has been largely discontinued in printed texts.
א alef, ה he, ו vav and י yod are consonants that can sometimes fill the position of a vowel. vav and yod in particular are more often vowels than they are consonants.
ש shin and sin are two separate phonemes written with the same letter. They are not mutually allophonic. When vowel diacritics are used, the two phonemes are differentiated with a shin-dot or sin-dot; the shin-dot is above the upper-right side of the letter, and sin-dot is above the upper-left side of the letter.
In Israel's general population, many consonants have merged to the same pronunciation. They are:
א alef with ayin and (varyingly) ה he
ב bet (without dagesh) with ו vav
ח het with כ kaf (without dagesh)
ט tet with ת tav (both with and without dagesh)
כ kaf (with dagesh) with ק qof
ס samekh with שׂ sin (but not with שׁ shin)
צ tsadi with the consonant cluster תס tav-samekh
[edit]
Vowel formation
Some of the letters, as well as their consonantal function, also acted as matres lectionis to represent vowels, as follows:

Symbol Name Vowel formation
א alef ê, ệ, ậ, â, ô
ה he ê, ệ, ậ, â, ô
ו vav ô, û
י yod î, ê, ệ
[edit]
Ancient Hebrew
Some of the variations in sound mentioned above are due to a systematic feature of Ancient Hebrew. The six consonants /p t k b d g/ were pronounced differently depending on their position. These letters were also called BeGeDKePHaT (pronounced /beɪgɛd'kɛfɛt/) letters. (The full details are very complex; this summary omits some points.) They were pronounced as stops [p t k b d g] at the beginning of a syllable, or when doubled. They were pronounced as fricatives [p̄ ṯ ḵ ḇ ḏ ḡ] — IPA [f θ x v ð ɣ] when preceded by a vowel. The stop and double pronunciations were indicated by the dagesh. In Modern Hebrew the sounds [ḏ] and [ḡ] have reverted to [d] and [g], and [ṯ] has become [t], so only the remaining three letters show variation.

ו vav was a semivowel /w/ (as in English, not as in German).

ח het and ע ayin were pharyngeal fricatives, צ tsadi was an emphatic /s/, ט tet was an emphatic /t/, and ק qof was /q/. All these are common Semitic consonants.

שׂ sin (the /s/ variant of ש shin) was originally different from both שׁ shin and ס samekh, but had become /s/ the same as ס samekh by the time the vowel pointing was devised. Because of cognates with other Semitic languages, this phoneme is known to have originally been a lateral consonant, most likely IPA the fricative /ɬ/ (as in Welsh /ll/) or the affricate /tɬ/ (as in Náhuatl /tl/).

[edit]
History
Archeological evidence indicates that the original Hebrew script is related to the Phoenician script that was in wide use in the Middle East region at the end of the 2nd millennium BCE. Eventually this alphabet evolved in Europe into the Greek and Roman alphabets. This script was borrowed by the Hebrews during the 12th or 11th century BCE, and around the 9th century BCE, a distinct Hebrew variant, the original "Hebrew script", emerged. This script was widely used in the ancient kingdoms of Israel and Judah until they fell in the 8th and 6th centuries BCE, respectively.

Following the Babylonian exile, Jews gradually stopped using the Hebrew script, and instead adopted the Babylonian Aramaic script (which was also originally derived from the Phoenician script). This script, used for writing Hebrew, later evolved into the Jewish, or "square" script, that is still used today. "Square"-related scripts were in use all over the Middle East for several hundred years, but following the rise of Christianity (and later, the rise of Islam), they gave way to the Roman and Arabic alphabets, respectively. According to traditional Jewish thought, the Hebrew writing system contained all the current letters at the time of Moses, although Ezra is known for his contribution to the square form.

Following the decline of Hebrew and Aramaic as the spoken languages of the Jews, the Hebrew alphabet was adopted in order to write down the languages of the Jewish diaspora (Karaim, Judæo-Arabic, Ladino, Yiddish, etc.). The Hebrew alphabet was retained as the alphabet used for writing down the Hebrew language during its rebirth in the end of the 19th century, despite several unsuccessful attempts to replace it with the Latin alphabet.

[edit]
Unicode Table
The Unicode Hebrew block extends from U+0590 to U+05FF. It includes letters, ligatures, combining diacritical marks (niqqud and cantillation marks) and punctuation.

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F
590 ֐ ֑ ֒ ֓ ֔ ֕ ֖ ֗ ֘ ֙ ֚ ֛ ֜ ֝ ֞ ֟
5A0 Ö  Ö¡ Ö¢ Ö£ Ö¤ Ö¥ Ö¦ Ö§ Ö¨ Ö© Öª Ö« Ö¬ Ö­ Ö® Ö¯
5B0 Ö° Ö± Ö² Ö³ Ö´ Öµ Ö¶ Ö· Ö¸ Ö¹ Öº Ö» Ö¼ Ö½ Ö¾ Ö¿
5C0 ׀ ׁ ׂ ׃ ׄ ׅ ׆ ׇ ׈ ׉ ׊ ׋ ׌ ׍ ׎ ׏
5D0 א ב ג ד ה ו ז ח ט י ך כ ל ם מ ן
5E0 נ ס ע ף פ ץ צ ק ר ש ת ׫ ׬ ׭ ׮ ׯ
5F0 װ ױ ײ ׳ ״ ׵ ׶ ׷ ׸ ׹ ׺ ׻ ׼ ׽ ׾ ׿

Note: The codes װ ױ ײ are intended for Yiddish. They are not used in Hebrew.

[edit]
HTML Code Table
Alef-Bet

ג ב בּ א
ג ב בּ א
ז ו ה ד
ז ו ה ד
כּ י ט ח
(כּ) י ט ח
מ ל ך כ
מ ל ך כ
ס ן נ ם
ס ן נ ם
ף פ פּ ע
ף פ (פּ) ע
ר ק ץ צ
ר ק ץ צ
ת תּ שׂ שׁ
ת (תּ) שׂ שׁ


Vowels and Unique Characters

Short/Hard Long/Soft
( Ö· ) ( Ö¸ )
ַ ָ
( Öµ ) ( Ö¶ )
ֵ ֶ
וֹ ( ֹ )
וֹ ֹ
וּ ( ֻ )
וּ ֻ
( ִ ) Letter Yud ( י )
ִ &amp1497;
Shva Nach ( Ö° ) Shva Nah ( Ö° )
ְ ְ
Dagesh ( Ö¼ )
ּ

[Beenaale_No1]

Which sane chick would have sex wit Wayne Rooney because of his looks. Its the money, mayn... Ugly as a motherf*cka he is

[QansaGabeyle]

"I sympathise with this football star. "

Why do you sympathize with him?