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Secret of famous Damascus-swords, very feared by the , crusaders,seem have been unveiled. German research workers have discovered that the steel of the swords contained microscopic small nanotube of carbon (Nature 16 November). Those could serve as a huls rock- rapidly wire Muslim troops plied the swords against the crusaders. The weapons had been feared because of their hardness and acerbity. European forges such swords have been possible copy never. In the 18de centuries also went the recipe of it in the east lost. That last came supposedly because ore touched exhausted. This special ore ended up India and contained among others ingredients as certain wood - and booklet of the types. The discovery of the research workers has been based on analysis of 17de centuries Damascus-sword

Damascene steel.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damascus_steel

Damascus steel was the name given to the process when it reached the hieght of perfection.

But many dont know that its an Indian Method originaly, that spread to eastern persias korazem province, todays ferghana valley(uzbekistan)
and East to China. from khorazem the Forgers in Damascus adopted the method and improved it.

The Chinese version reached the hieght of perfection in Japan,
this was becuase the japanese has very little steel to work with so they
thier process was very skillfull.