are Somalis Mix Race or Pure race ??

[Garaad_LQ]

What race are Somalis? Are they a seperate African race? Or are they mixed with Arabs and Europeans, to an extent which would explain their appearance. Although craniofacially Somalis resemble Nordic (particularly Norwegian) people more than any other ethnic group, recent research has shown that the average Somali is genetically only 15% Caucasian, which includes Arabs, North Africans, as well as Europeans. The rest of the Somali genome consists of 5% Sub-Saharan African genes, and the remaining 80% consists of Cushitic genes. Cushitic people are found largely in the Somalia, Ethiopia, and Eritrea, which are the main countries which constitute the Horn of Africa:

Out of these three countries, Somalia is the most homogenous, with 7/8 of Somalis categorized in the same ethnic group.

1. Cushitic Somalis - This ethnic group is the oldest and makes up more than 7/8 of the population of Somalia. They are characterized by having long heads, with a large forehead, narrow noses, medium to small sized lips, high cheek bones, narrow chins, straight, curly, or wooly hair, long necks, long legs, small arms and slender wrists, ankles, feet and hands.

2. Somali Bantus - This ethnic group is the second largest in Somalia. Most anthropologists believe that they migrated into Somalia from Kenya. Their features are classified as Negroid.

3. Banaadiri Somalis - This ethnic group is the smallest in Somalia. Banaadiri are the result of mixing between Cushitic Somalis and Arabs, for mainly the past 1000 years. Banaadiris range from looking completely Arab to almost resembling Cushitic Somalis:



Because of recent studies of Cushitic people, anthropologists have had to discard some of their prior theories on the origin and progression of the human race. Genetically, East Africans are at the midpoint in relationship to Sub-Saharan Africans, and the peoples of Europe and Asia.


"The most distinct separation is between African and non-African populations. The northeastern-African -- that is, the Ethiopian and Somali -- populations are located centrally between sub-Saharan African and non-African populations."

"The fact that the Ethiopians and Somalis have a subset of the sub-Saharan African haplotype diversity -- and that the non-African populations have a subset of the diversity present in Ethiopians and Somalis -- makes simple-admixture models less likely; rather, these observations support the hypothesis proposed by other nuclear-genetic studies (Tishkoff et al. 1996a, 1998a, 1998b; Kidd et al. 1998) -- that populations in northeastern Africa may have diverged from those in the rest of sub-Saharan Africa early in the history of modern African populations and that a subset of this northeastern-African population migrated out of Africa and populated the rest of the globe."


(Brace et al. (1993). "Clines and Clusters Versus 'Race': A Test in Ancient Egypt and the Case of a Death on the Nile". Year Phys Anthro; 36:1-31)

[Ashlee]

i don't believe that we're caucasian.

[michael_ital]

Pure. No debate. Who gives a fock what some silly limey c'unt thinks ?

[*+*Bliss+*+]

michael_ital

ur not even pure

u said ur mum was white so stfu

[michael_ital]

Wench, kiss my ass. I'm Canadian.

[Ashlee]

^you're as dumb as a doorknob. he's full white. he's not somali at all.

please do yourself a favor, as well as for forumers and people browsing the forum, and dhimo.

[*+*Bliss+*+]

omg the focker is not even somali

michael, get the fk out of here

[Ashlee]

do you need instructions?

[michael_ital]

*+*B'itch*+*, f'uck off.

[Garaad_LQ]

Distribution of blood groups in the East African Somali population.

Sistonen P, Koistinen J, Aden Abdulle O.

Finnish Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service, Helsinki.

The results of a population survey on blood group distribution in Somalia, East Africa, are presented. Over 1,000 subjects were tested for most blood groups included in the survey. The sampling covered the whole country and was well in accordance with the population density as estimated by the recorded birth places of the subjects. Altogether, 46 blood group antigens were tested, partly common antigens within 11 of the major blood group systems, but also infrequent and very frequent antigens, some not tested before in Africa, were included. The results were compared with the available data for other related peoples and for populations from the same geographical area. The standard genetic distances were also applied in the comparison. The results suggest that only a minor component in the genetic constitution of the Somali population can be ascribed to Caucasian admixture. They are markedly in contrast with some earlier findings. During the survey we observed a previously unknown Rh gene complex occurring with a polymorphic frequency in Somalis.



Y haplogroup E3b1 in Somali males


A new study quantifies the extent of Eurasian (15%) and Sub-Saharan African (5%) paternal admixture in Somalis, a population which appears to be predominantly East African paternally. The authors also explain why the Somalis have low Sub-Saharan African admixture:

The time of the eastbound Bantu expansion was estimated to be 3400±1100 years ago.24 Bantu populations have high frequencies of E3a haplogroups.4 We have observed only a few individuals with the E3a haplogroup in our Somali population, thus, supporting the view that the Bantu migration did not reach Somalia.42 It has been suggested that a barrier against gene flow exist in the region.43 The barrier seems to be the Cushitic languages and cultures to which Somalis belongs. The Cushitic languages belong to the Afro-Asiatic languages that are spoken in Northern and Eastern Africa. The Cushitic languages and cultures are mainly found in the Somalis and the Oromos, one of the two main groups inhabiting Ethiopia.44, 45, 46. The Somali and Oromo languages have a high degree of similarity and the two populations share many cultural characteristics. The Somali and Oromo people live in clans with special patterns of marriage and the Somali and Oromo people have complex, interwoven pedigrees.44, 45

European Journal of Human Genetics (advance online publication)

High frequencies of Y chromosome lineages characterized by E3b1, DYS19-11, DYS392-12 in Somali males

Juan J Sanchez et al.

We genotyped 45 biallelic markers and 11 STR systems on the Y chromosome in 201 male Somalis. In addition, 65 sub-Saharan Western Africans, 59 Turks and 64 Iraqis were typed for the biallelic Y chromosome markers. In Somalis, 14 Y chromosome haplogroups were identified including E3b1 (77.6%) and K2 (10.4%). The haplogroup E3b1 with the rare DYS19-11 allele (also called the E3b1 cluster γ) was found in 75.1% of male Somalis, and 70.6% of Somali Y chromosomes were E3b1, DYS19-11, DYS392-12, DYS437-14, DYS438-11 and DYS393-13. The haplotype diversity of eight Y-STRs ('minimal haplotype') was 0.9575 compared to an average of 0.9974 and 0.9996 in European and Asian populations. In sub-Saharan Western Africans, only four haplogroups were identified. The West African clade E3a was found in 89.2% of the samples and the haplogroup E3b1 was not observed. In Turks, 12 haplogroups were found including J2*(xJ2f2) (27.1%), R1b3*(xR1b3d, R1b3f) (20.3%), E3b3 and R1a1*(xR1a1b) (both 11.9%). In Iraqis, 12 haplogroups were identified including J2*(xJ2f2) (29.7%) and J*(xJ2) (26.6%). The data suggest that the male Somali population is a branch of the East African population - closely related to the Oromos in Ethiopia and North Kenya - with predominant E3b1 cluster γ lineages that were introduced into the Somali population 4000-5000 years ago, and that the Somali male population has approximately 15% Y chromosomes from Eurasia and approximately 5% from sub-Saharan Africa.

http://dienekes.blogspot.com/2005_03_01 ... chive.html

[KUN-DILE]

Somalis are a mix of Arabs, Africans, European, Indians and perhaps Chinese as well.

[michael_ital]

Yer crazy dude. LoooooL @ Chink

[sexy-kitten]

Oh, great... Here we go again!

[Samatr]

[quote="KUN-DILE"]Somalis are a mix of Arabs, Africans, European, Indians and perhaps Chinese as well.[/quote]

Ma sidaas baa HY kuu sheegataa, Cadaan oo dhabadooda maydhan, iyo hindii loo'da caabuda baa ehelnay kulahaa.
Allaylahee inaanad aheen Gadhweynta Muuse Ismaciil!!!

[biko]

1...isaq

2...hawiye

3....others